{"id":2083,"date":"2020-05-20T01:09:06","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T01:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/?page_id=2083"},"modified":"2026-10-02T14:51:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T14:51:43","slug":"lab-unit-3-online","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-3-online\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab Unit 5 &#8211; In Person"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-pink-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speciation: An Evolutionary Process &#8211; <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">In-Person Lab<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2026\/09\/LabUnit5_SpeciationLab2026.docx\">Lab Unit Handout&nbsp;(Lab manual)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\">Scroll below for In-Person<\/span> lab<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-red-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-3-online-make-up-module\" style=\"border-radius:10px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click for Online Make Up Module Lab 5<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-284\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/africanized-honeybee.jpg\" alt=\"Africanized honeybee\" width=\"470\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/africanized-honeybee.jpg 470w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/africanized-honeybee-300x231.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speciation &#8211; The evolutionary process in which new biological species arise.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"77\" class=\"wp-image-2964 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/bee_icon-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"bee icon\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">PRE-LAB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Read the whole lab unit before coming to lab.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">General Background Information <\/span>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">View the<a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Hybridized-HoneyBees.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Hybridized Honeybees Presentation<\/a><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Activity 1 &#8211; Procedure II: Micropipetting and gel electrophoresis <\/span>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">View the following video and animation (make sure to review the lab manual, pp. 38-40):<br><a href=\"https:\/\/dnalc.cshl.edu\/resources\/animations\/gelelectrophoresis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gel Electrophoresis &#8211; animation<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=p-jwliaGFrk&amp;t=5s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Loading an Agarose Gel<\/a> \u2013 tips for loading gels and what not to do.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2gfl8IbspWQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Instructions for loading an agarose gel<\/a> &#8211; video (mixing the same is not as important with our samples)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Speciation &#8211; Additional good information on Species and Speciation<\/span>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Species?<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/bears\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bears, Species, and DNA<\/a> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-37311716\" target=\"_blank\">Giraffe Genetic Secrets: Four Species of Tallest Mammal Identified<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Roles of different bees<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1008\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes.jpg\" alt=\"Bee Caste Chart\" class=\"wp-image-369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes.jpg 1008w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes-768x411.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1008px) 100vw, 1008px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"77\" class=\"wp-image-2964 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/bee_icon-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"bee icon\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">IN-LAB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Morphological Characteristics &#8211; Activity 1 &#8211; Procedure-I<\/span>:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Working in the lab this week, <\/strong>each Table will get a notebook containing 36 Bee wing pictures. The pictures in each notebook at the 6 different lab tables are different from one another.&nbsp; Two tables of students will assess the bees from one hive in order to determine if the bees in that hive have been hybridized and\/or taken over by Africa bees.&nbsp; Why would this be problematic for a beekeeper?<\/span> <p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Bee Wing Picture Assignments:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;border-style: solid\"> <tbody> <tr> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 1 &#8211; Group 1<\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 1 &#8211; Group 2<\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 2 &#8211; Group 3<\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 2 &#8211; Group 4<\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 3 &#8211; Group 5<\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 3 &#8211; Group 6<\/span><\/td> <\/tr> <\/tbody> <\/table>  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Use the provided metric ruler (cm\/mm) on your lab table.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Study the provided wing diagram in the notebook or lab manual to see how to position the ruler <strong>parallel<\/strong> to the wing length to determine the length from the notch near the joint to the longest point on the flattened wing.&nbsp; <strong>Do not<\/strong> <strong>angle<\/strong> the ruler to connect the notch to the longest part of the wing. You may need to rotate some of the images for ease of measuring.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ncsu.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=3e467c61-955d-441c-bbdd-b09b00de6442\" target=\"_blank\">Video <\/a>on <strong>how to measure the bee wing images in lab<\/strong>.<\/span>  Use the provided yellow ruler at your lab table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">As a group, divide the wings to measure evenly between each student in your group.&nbsp; If you have 4 group members, each person should measure 9 different wings.&nbsp; There are 12 Known African wings, 12 Known European wings, and 12 Unknown Wings. You will be comparing the length of unknown wings to the other two groups of known bees.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Record your group data and calculate the average wing lengths in the provided <span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Bee Wing Length Graphing<\/span> Template<\/span> in your Table Google folder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Graph the data. Use the provided Bee Wing Length Graphing Excel or Google Sheet in your Group folder or on one of the lab computers.     &nbsp; <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2022\/09\/Downloadable_Lab3_wingsgraphRESETtemplateF22.xls\" target=\"_blank\">Excel Template.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/ncsu.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=28512997-14ca-4ab5-8c86-ae7a00eff722\" target=\"_blank\">Video<\/a> on entering data in the Graphing Google Sheet.&nbsp; The video refers to using an Excel template, but we found the transfer of the Excel sheet to work on in Google sheets does not keep all the settings in our template.&nbsp; Entering the data in the the provided Google Sheet template is the same.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Molecular Characteristics: <\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">In lab we will run DNA Electrophoresis using samples of mtDNA from bees found in your assigned hive.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Equipment:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/DNA-Unit-e1590465732367.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2149\" style=\"width:328px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Micropipette_in_action.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2150\" style=\"width:263px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Micropipette_in_action.jpg 440w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Micropipette_in_action-235x300.jpg 235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\">The Electrophoretic Process &#8211; <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dnalc.org\/resources\/animations\/gelelectrophoresis.html\" target=\"_blank\">How DNA Electrophoresis works<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labxchange.org\/library\/pathway\/lx-pathway:33b08759-5d13-4128-8867-68428a8d1081\/items\/lx-pb:33b08759-5d13-4128-8867-68428a8d1081:lx_simulation:644d8922\" target=\"_blank\">Gel Electrophoresis Simulation<\/a> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Each student should take a picture of their stained gel to include towards the end of your Lab Handout or you may sketch the results in the gel diagram.  <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:19px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: UniversCondensed, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 21px;font-weight: bold\">Compare your morphological data with the corresponding mtDNA analysis.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">As a group, be prepared to present your findings to the class.&nbsp;Include the following: <\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">What can you conclude about the bees in your hive?&nbsp; Show your group graph.  Explain your supporting evidence.&nbsp; How do your results (graph) compare with the other group investigating this hive?&nbsp; <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">What course of action would you suggest to the Beekeeper of this hive?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">What economic implications are at stake, which make appropriate hive management so important?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"77\" class=\"wp-image-2964 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/bee_icon-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"bee icon\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">POST-LAB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"block-callout n_items-center-ns  n_bg-yellow   block-callout--img-left \" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-callout__content n_pa4 n_w-100 n_flex n_flex-column n_tc  n_text-black\">\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2024\/02\/LabUnit5_Speciation_EndofUnitQs.docx\" class=\"block-callout__link n_no-underline \">\n\t\t\t            <P class=\"block-callout__heading heading n_overflow-wrap-break n_pv2 n_ph0 n_ttn n_ma0 n_lh-title n_f3  n_univers-light n_normal n_text-black\">Post Lab Individual Work<\/P>\n\n\t\t            <\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t<p class=\"block-callout__body-wrapper n_text-black n_ma0 n_pa0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"block-callout__body \">Complete this attached End of Unit Questions Handout found here. Upload your work into Moodle by the End of Lab or up to 24 hours after the start of your lab section this week.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t                            \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-callout__arrow right-arrow icon n_text-black n_fill-black n_br0  n_s3 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"   ><path d=\"M16.438 9.563l-0.625 0.625 5.563 5.563h-13.375v0.875h13.375l-5.563 5.563 0.625 0.625 6.625-6.625z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"block-callout n_items-center-ns  n_bg-yellow   block-callout--img-left \" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-callout__content n_pa4 n_w-100 n_flex n_flex-column n_tc  n_text-black\">\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-6-online\/\" class=\"block-callout__link n_no-underline \">\n\t\t\t            <P class=\"block-callout__heading heading n_overflow-wrap-break n_pv2 n_ph0 n_ttn n_ma0 n_lh-title n_f3  n_univers-light n_normal n_text-black\">Plant and Vertebrate Scavenger Hunt<\/P>\n\n\t\t            <\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t<p class=\"block-callout__body-wrapper n_text-black n_ma0 n_pa0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"block-callout__body \">Click on this box to link to further background information supporting Plant and Vertebrate Scavenger Biodiversity.<br><br>Due by the start of your next In Person Lab Unit 7 Fungi &amp; Invertebrates.<br><br><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t                            \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-callout__arrow right-arrow icon n_text-black n_fill-black n_br0  n_s3 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"   ><path d=\"M16.438 9.563l-0.625 0.625 5.563 5.563h-13.375v0.875h13.375l-5.563 5.563 0.625 0.625 6.625-6.625z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\">Continuation of your Semester Group Ecology Project: (Fall)<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"block-callout n_items-center-ns  n_bg-green   block-callout--img-left is-style-default\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-callout__content n_pa4 n_w-100 n_flex n_flex-column n_tc  n_text-white\">\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/ecology-project-final-group-presentation\/\" class=\"block-callout__link n_no-underline \">\n\t\t\t            <P class=\"block-callout__heading heading n_overflow-wrap-break n_pv2 n_ph0 n_ttn n_ma0 n_lh-title n_f3  n_univers-light n_normal n_text-white\">Ecology Group Work Week 2<\/P>\n\n\t\t            <\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t<p class=\"block-callout__body-wrapper n_text-white n_ma0 n_pa0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"block-callout__body \">Click to access Unit 4.1 information about the Ecology Group Presentation. <br> <br>Use the feedback on your group&#8217;s Benchmark #2 to construct your group&#8217;s presentation, but do not add any narration yet. <br>Coomplete all work within your group&#8217;s Google folder AND email 1 copy to your TA by Friday 11:59PM of Ecology Work Week 2.  Late presentations will not be reviewed.<br> <br>You will need to add narration when submitting the Final Presentation in Moodle.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t                            \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-callout__arrow right-arrow icon n_text-white n_fill-white n_br0  n_s3 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"   ><path d=\"M16.438 9.563l-0.625 0.625 5.563 5.563h-13.375v0.875h13.375l-5.563 5.563 0.625 0.625 6.625-6.625z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<H2 id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading n_ma0 n_ttn n_relative n_flex n_items-center n_flex-row   n_text-gray-90 n_normal n_f3  n_justify-start\">\n                    \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading__icon n_mr3 n_fls0 icon n_text-gray-90 n_fill-gray-90 n_br0  n_s2 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n\n\n    <svg version=\"1.1\"  xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlnsXlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 50 50\" enableBackground=\"new 0 0 50 50\" xmlSpace=\"preserve\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" >\n      <g>\n        <path  d=\"M44.4,10l-10-10L5.5,0v50h39L44.4,10z M35.2,4.2l5.1,5.1h-5.1V4.2z M7.9,47.6V2.4l24.9,0v9.3H42l0.1,35.9\n\tH7.9z\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"7.6\"  width=\"19.4\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"18.7\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"13.1\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"24.2\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"29.8\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"35.3\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"40.9\"  width=\"12.7\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n      <\/g>\n    <\/svg>\n\n<\/span>\n    <span class=\"gray-90\">\n        <span class=\"n_fls0 block-icon-heading__content n_univers-light \">\n            Additional Information\n        <\/span>\n    <\/span>\n<\/H2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Bee Background Information:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/content.ces.ncsu.edu\/africanized-honey-bees-prevention-and-control#:~:text=First%2C%20do%20not%20swat%20at,by%20removing%20potential%20nest%20sites.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Africanized Honey Bees: Prevention and Control<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/content.ces.ncsu.edu\/africanized-honey-bees-some-questions-and-answers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Africanized Honey Bees Some Questions and Answers (NC State Extension)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Schneider_et_al_20062.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The African Honey Bee \u2013 3 newsletter papers<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2025\/01\/Effect-of-honey-bees-on-native-bees.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects of Non-Native Managed Honey Bees on Native Bee Populations<\/a> &#8211; new study!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entomology.ces.ncsu.edu\/2020\/04\/host-shifts-and-honey-bees-lessons-from-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Host-Shifts &amp; Honey Bees: Lessons from COVID-19<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2026\/10\/Hybrid-Swarms-to-Swarms-of-Hybrids-2014.pdf\">Article that models possible Hybrid honeybee spread based on habitat in the US (2014).<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"408\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/02\/beeIllustrate1.gif\" alt=\"Identification of Bees and Wasps\" class=\"wp-image-190\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speciation Information:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a style=\"font-size: 12pt;background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Species?<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/bears\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bears, Species and DNA<\/a>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-37311716\" target=\"_blank\">Giraffe Genetic Secrets: Four Species of Tallest Mammal Identified<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Speciation: An Evolutionary Process &#8211; In-Person Lab Lab Unit Handout&nbsp;(Lab manual) Scroll below for In-Person lab Speciation &#8211; The evolutionary process in which new biological species arise.&nbsp; PRE-LAB The Roles of different bees IN-LAB Morphological Characteristics &#8211; Activity 1 &#8211; Procedure-I: Molecular Characteristics: In lab we will run DNA Electrophoresis using samples of mtDNA from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":363,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":42,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2083","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/363"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2083"}],"version-history":[{"count":131,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9231,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2083\/revisions\/9231"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}