{"id":2181,"date":"2020-05-26T23:36:45","date_gmt":"2020-05-26T23:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/?page_id=2181"},"modified":"2026-10-02T14:28:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T14:28:09","slug":"lab-unit-6-online","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-6-online\/","title":{"rendered":"Phylogeny &#8211; Plants and Vertebrates"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-pink-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Phylogeny &#8211; Classification and Assessing Relatedness<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Supplementary Information<\/strong> to use with the Plant &amp; Vertebrate Biodiversity Scavenger Hunt Assignment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/10\/MossNewt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"719\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/10\/MossNewt.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/10\/MossNewt.jpg 719w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/10\/MossNewt-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<H2 id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading n_ma0 n_ttn n_relative n_flex n_items-center n_flex-column   n_text-gray-90 n_normal n_f3  n_justify-center\">\n                    \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading__icon  n_fls0 icon n_text-gray-90 n_fill-gray-90 n_br0  n_s2 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n\n\n    <svg version=\"1.1\"  xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlnsXlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 50 50\" xmlSpace=\"preserve\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" >\n      <style type=\"text\/css\" \/>\n      <path  d=\"M0,50h45.7l2.4-7.7l-2.8-14L50,14.3l-1.3-3.1l-2.4,2.3l0.9-5.9L43.9,0L33.4,10.5l-5.6-0.6l-7.9,9.6l-9.9,7.7\n      \tc0,0-0.1,0.1-0.1,0.1l0,0c-0.4,0.4-0.7,1-0.7,1.6c0,1.1,0.8,2,1.9,2.1l3.1,0.3l-5.1,8.6L0,50z\" \/>\n    <\/svg>\n\n<\/span>\n    <span class=\"gray-90\">\n        <span class=\"n_fls0 block-icon-heading__content n_univers-light \">\n            Get Started\n        <\/span>\n    <\/span>\n<\/H2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Plants_Verts_ScavengerHunt_Revised.docx\" style=\"border-radius:10px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click to get Scavenger Hunt Activity Sheet<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\">To learn about Plant and Vertebrate groups, you will be going on a scavenger hunt to find organisms in each of the indicated groups and taking pictures to document what you find and listing 2 key\/defining Characters for that group.&nbsp; <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\">After submitting your scavenger hunt in Moodle, complete the Moodle Plants and Vertebrates Assessment (quiz).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Before you start your Scavenger Hunt, you will need to become familiar with each Plant and Vertebrate group AND the <strong><em>Characters<\/em><\/strong> used to group them.&nbsp; <em><strong>Maybe we provide PDF for these pages... chapter not included in digital lab manual.<\/strong><\/em>  Review the basic groups of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Plant-Characters.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Key Plants Characters<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Vertebrate-Characters.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Key Vertebrate Characters<\/a><\/strong>, and view the <em><strong>Supporting Information<\/strong><\/em> below to help you fill out the characters of major plant and vertebrate groups <em>when you come to lab<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/08\/Field-Work-Safety-in-BIO-181-labs-F23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fieldwork Safety Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Scavenger Hunt Collection<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Find 1 example for each of the Plant and Vertebrate phyla listed below\/on the assignment sheet. Use your cell phone to take a picture of each organism you find and save it as a jpg or PDF (iPhone users change your camera formats setting to Most Compatible) for this assignment). These should be pictures you take from nature (outdoors) and\/or indoors, science museum, zoo, pet\/aquarium stores, grocery stores.... but should not be pictures you have taken off the web, not even our lab website.&nbsp; Pictures from the web will not count unless they are from our VR Ecosystems (see below).&nbsp; Some phyla may be hard to find.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #ff00ff\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Are you unable to go outside?<\/strong> Go on a virtual field trip to visit <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/VirtualEcosystems_biodiversity.pdf\">virtual reality (VR) ecosystems<\/a>. You will need to choose to look at the Forest Ecology Ecosystem or the Coastal Ecosystem.  Find as many organisms as you can and take screen shots of what you find. Follow the rest of the assignment instructions.&nbsp; <em>If using screen shots from from these VR ecosystems, be sure to label each screen shot with the Ecosystem name and the \"node\" where the organism was found.&nbsp; Not labeling your source implies it it your own work!&nbsp; <\/em>Other internet website pictures will not be graded.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you use the Forest VR Ecosystem, BIO 181 lab students do not need to complete Activity Page Part I and II below the VR interactive (where you found the organisms).&nbsp; Just use the interactive to find your groups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Include your pictures in the template provided in the Lab Handout.&nbsp; <em>Be sure to include<\/em> your rationale by <strong>providing 2 Key\/defining characters from the <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Plant-Characters.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"7121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plant<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Vertebrate-Characters.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"7122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vertebrate Groups<\/a> <\/strong> that led you to the group identification.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading style5 has-black-color has-text-color\"><span class=\"style3\" style=\"color: #000000\">Supporting Information When Examining Plants and Vertebrates<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\">Explanation of <span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Plant-Characters.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Key Plant Characters<\/a> and  Examples Below:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\">A Comparison between Vascular vs. Non-Vascular Plants<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n<p class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Vascular Plants<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Non-Vascular Plants<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>  <ul><li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">True conducting tissues, leaves, stems, and roots to help the fertilization process.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Water and solutes move through special cells called xylem.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Sugar is transported by special cells called phloem.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Plant parts can be distant from water source.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Grow to large heights.<\/span><\/li> <span style=\"font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-weight: inherit;color: initial\"> <\/span><\/ul><\/td><td> <ul><li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Require water for fertilization so they must grow in moist habitats.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Water movement is by osmosis.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Solutes move by diffusion.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">All plant parts must be near water source.<\/span><\/li> <li class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Small growing.<\/span><\/li> <\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Reproductive Strategies in Plants<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Plants reproduce by producing multicellular haploid (N) and multicellular diploid (2N) body forms or generations.&nbsp; The haploid generation is called a gametophyte that will make gametes by mitotic cell division.&nbsp; The gametophyte generation will give rise to the diploid generation which is called the sporophyte.&nbsp; The sporophyte in turn produces spores, by meiosis, that will grow by mitosis to give rise to the next gametophyte (N) generation.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Plant Life Cycle Diagrams:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong><span class=\"style3\">General concept of&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZvBMQIrlhYw&amp;feature=related\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alternation of Generations<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For all Plant Groups <span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-6-plant-life-cycles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> view them here<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><span class=\"style5\">View video links below to see male gametes of mosses and ferns:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511.jpg\" alt=\"moss spore cases\" class=\"wp-image-407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511.jpg 427w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Moss<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"293\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/fern-e1521491367678.jpg\" alt=\"fern\" class=\"wp-image-405\" style=\"width:403px;height:403px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/fern-e1521491367678.jpg 293w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/fern-e1521491367678-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ferns<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span class=\"style12\">View&nbsp;the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hlHPYjZp6FQ\" target=\"_blank\">MOSS male gamete movie<\/a> and the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/fern_sperm.mov\" target=\"_blank\">FERN male gamete movie<\/a> - For moss, the short movie (00:13-00:19) shows male gamete release, later it shows animal assisted fertilization).<\/span><\/span> <p class=\"style1\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span class=\"style4\">Other Life Cycles<\/span>: step by step, with or without narration.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EBdQnONspEc\" target=\"_blank\">Life Cycle of Mosses<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9TOQdGSZCBk\" target=\"_blank\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Life Cycle of Ferns<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2gWEgrMwMe0\" target=\"_blank\">Life Cycle of a Gymnosperm<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>Life cycle of an Angiosperm:&nbsp;<\/em>(click on the image)<\/span><br><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sumanasinc.com\/webcontent\/animations\/content\/angiosperm.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-418 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Angiosperm-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Angiosperm-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Angiosperm.jpg 397w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Diversity in Plant Transport Tissues<\/span> among the 5 Plant Groups  <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/unit-6-plant-anatomy\/\" target=\"_blank\">- click to view<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/tolweb.org\/Embryophytes\/20582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Tree of Life Project: The Land Plants (Embryophytes)<\/a>&nbsp;- more in depth material<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading style5 has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Major Plant Groups*<\/strong><\/span> - test yourself! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">Images not to be used in your scavenger hunt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4 wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Which group do each of these belong in? - (Charophytes, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><tbody><tr><td>A.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-400\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/stonewort-e1521491068521.jpg\" alt=\"stonewort\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\"><\/td><td>B.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-405\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/fern-e1521491367678.jpg\" alt=\"fern\" width=\"299\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/fern-e1521491367678.jpg 293w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/fern-e1521491367678-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><\/td><td>C.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-406 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/coniferophyta1318905621316-e1521491586537-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"conifer\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/coniferophyta1318905621316-e1521491586537-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/coniferophyta1318905621316-e1521491586537-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/coniferophyta1318905621316-e1521491586537.jpg 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-407 alignnone\" style=\"font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;background-color: transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"moss spore cases\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/moss-spore-cases-e1521491646511.jpg 427w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>E.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-408 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/silveleafnightshade-e1521491753624-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"nightshade\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/silveleafnightshade-e1521491753624-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/silveleafnightshade-e1521491753624-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/silveleafnightshade-e1521491753624-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/silveleafnightshade-e1521491753624-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/silveleafnightshade-e1521491753624.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td><td>F.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-409\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/MossLiverworts-e1521491811314-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"moss liverworts\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/MossLiverworts-e1521491811314-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/MossLiverworts-e1521491811314-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/MossLiverworts-e1521491811314-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/MossLiverworts-e1521491811314.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:37px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\">The Vertebrates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\">Explanation of <span style=\"color: #000000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Vertebrate-Characters.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"7122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Key Vertebrate Characters<\/a> and Examples Below:<\/span> <em>look closely at provided images and links within provided websites.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/?page_id=2436&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\">Variation in Reproduction and skin covering<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">- egg or live birth? Are there exceptions?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ucmp.berkeley.edu\/vertebrates\/tetrapods\/amniota.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Amniotes<\/a> <\/em><\/span>- <strong>you may need to use Safari or Firefox to see images and other links not seen in Chrome.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-6-vertebrate-skulls\/\" target=\"_blank\">Amniote vertebrate skull types and examples <\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">- anapsid, synapsid, diapsid<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biointeractive.org\/classroom-resources\/vertebrate-circulatorium\" target=\"_blank\">Diversity in Vertebrate Hearts<\/a> - Launch Interactive, then click on a representative animal to view the systemic circulations of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.&nbsp; Then also view the heart details that you can activate to see the number of heart chambers and how they contract and relax.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/Heart-Div-plastmount.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/Heart-Div-plastmount-e1591671850160.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/Heart-Div-plastmount-e1591671850160.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/Heart-Div-plastmount-e1591671850160-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4 wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ucmp.berkeley.edu\/vertebrates\/vertintro.html\" target=\"_blank\">Introduction to Vertebrates<\/a><\/em><\/span> -<strong> you may need to use Safari or Firefox to see images and other links not seen in Chrome.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4 wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tolweb.org\/Vertebrata\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Tree of Life Project: The Vertebrates<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;- more in-depth material<\/span>  (website is currently down)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Major Vertebrate Groups*<\/strong><\/span> - test yourself! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">Images not to be used in your scavenger hunt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4 wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">To which Class or subgroup do each of these belong? (Amphibia, Mammalia, Reptilia - subgroups Crocodilians, Turtles, Lizards &amp; Snakes, Birds\/Aves)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><tbody><tr><td>1.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-422\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/lizard-e1521665140989-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"lizard\" width=\"188\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/lizard-e1521665140989-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/lizard-e1521665140989-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/lizard-e1521665140989-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/lizard-e1521665140989.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>2.&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-420\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/elephantshrew-e1521666038905.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>3. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-424\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/turtle-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"turtle\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/turtle-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/turtle-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/turtle-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>4. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-421\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/frog-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"frog\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/frog-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/frog-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/frog-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/frog.jpg 1984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>5. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-423\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/mudpuppy-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"mud puppy\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/mudpuppy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/mudpuppy.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-427\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/images-1-e1522347468659.jpg\" alt=\"lizard\" width=\"187\" height=\"125\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>7. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-428\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/snake-e1522347512556-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"snake\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/snake-e1522347512556-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/snake-e1522347512556-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/snake-e1522347512556.jpg 893w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>8. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-429\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Penguin-e1522347596355-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"penguin\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Penguin-e1522347596355-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Penguin-e1522347596355-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Penguin-e1522347596355-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Penguin-e1522347596355.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>9. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-430\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/platypus05-e1522347657393.jpg\" alt=\"platypus\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>10.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-431\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/pangolin2-e1522347699566.jpg\" alt=\"pangolin\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-435\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Elephant-e1522347834275-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"elephant\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Elephant-e1522347834275-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Elephant-e1522347834275.jpg 622w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>12.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-432\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/bird-e1522347887743-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"bird\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/bird-e1522347887743-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/bird-e1522347887743-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/bird-e1522347887743-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/bird-e1522347887743.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>13.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-436\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/toad-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"toad\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/toad-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/toad.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>14.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-433\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/condor-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"condor\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/condor-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/condor.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><td>15.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-434\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/crocodile-e1522347935243-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"crocodile\" width=\"188\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/crocodile-e1522347935243-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/crocodile-e1522347935243-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/crocodile-e1522347935243-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/crocodile-e1522347935243.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<H2 id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading n_ma0 n_ttn n_relative n_flex n_items-center n_flex-column   n_text-gray-90 n_normal n_f3  n_justify-center\">\n                    \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading__icon  n_fls0 icon n_text-gray-90 n_fill-gray-90 n_br0  n_s2 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n\n\n    <svg version=\"1.1\"  xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlnsXlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 50 50\" xmlSpace=\"preserve\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" >\n      <style type=\"text\/css\" \/>\n      <path  d=\"M0,50h45.7l2.4-7.7l-2.8-14L50,14.3l-1.3-3.1l-2.4,2.3l0.9-5.9L43.9,0L33.4,10.5l-5.6-0.6l-7.9,9.6l-9.9,7.7\n      \tc0,0-0.1,0.1-0.1,0.1l0,0c-0.4,0.4-0.7,1-0.7,1.6c0,1.1,0.8,2,1.9,2.1l3.1,0.3l-5.1,8.6L0,50z\" \/>\n    <\/svg>\n\n<\/span>\n    <span class=\"gray-90\">\n        <span class=\"n_fls0 block-icon-heading__content n_univers-light \">\n            Post-Lab\n        <\/span>\n    <\/span>\n<\/H2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-pink-color has-text-color\"><em>Activities not done Fall 2026 - but information you might find interesting!<\/em> Disregard any reference to Tables and page numbers. This Unit is not provided as a Lab Handout.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" style=\"border-radius:10px\">Click to get Post-Lab Assignment<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-pink-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activities One and Two: Determining Relatedness Among Major Plant Groups (p. 88-97) and Vertebrate Groups (p. 97-108).\u00a0<\/span> <em>Not done in lab for Fall 2026.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">est your familiarity of the Major Plant* and Vertebrate* groups by trying to put the plants and vertebrate organisms pictured below in their appropriate groups.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Working with your groups:&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Complete Table 6-2 and come to a consensus for each of the Plant Characters in Table 6-2. Fill in Table 6-2 in your lab manual AND then later as a group in the template provided in the Google Drive lab folder by your TA.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">As a group, complete Activity One #2&nbsp;to make a cladogram for the plants. You will use the Table 6-2 that you have filled out as a group to complete this cladogram. Be sure to label the <em>outgroup<\/em>, <em>ingroups<\/em>, <em>shared primitive<\/em>, and <em>derived characters<\/em> appropriately on your cladogram (see Figure 6-1 as an example, though replace the name of the organism with the group name). Record your cladogram on page 89, scan it and upload it to the template.&nbsp; <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">Compile a group collection of pictures of the organisms found in your Pre-Lab scavenger hunt: <\/span>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">Since you have already agreed on Table 6-2, start with the plant groups listed on the table. Organize the pictures you took by plant group and insert into your Google doc template. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">Help each other ID any unknown organisms and see that they are placed in the appropriate group.<\/span> <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Proceed to the Vertebrate groups, and come to a consensus for each of the Characters listed on Table 6-3. Fill in Table 6-3 as a group in your lab manual AND in the template. <span style=\"font-size: 16px\">Organize the pictures you took by Vertebrate group and insert into your template.<\/span> Help each other ID any unknown organisms and see that they are placed in the appropriate group.<br><strong>NOTE:<\/strong> You will be completing an individual cladogram for the vertebrate groups as part of your individual Post-Lab assignment.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px\">Will you be the group with the most correctly identified organisms?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">At the end of lab, your group will upload to Moodle all of the work completed in the provided template. Not done Fall 23&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-pink-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">As homework: <em>(not done Fall 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Working on your own, construct a cladogram for the Vertebrate groups in Table 6-3 page 99.&nbsp; You can draw your cladogram on page 98 of your lab manual.&nbsp; Be sure to name of all groups, label the <em>outgroup<\/em>, <em>ingroup<\/em>, <em>shared primitive character<\/em>, <em>derived characters<\/em> (as seen in Figure 6-1).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Complete Activity Three (p. 108-112).&nbsp; Fill in Table 6-4 Features of Land Vertebrates Compared to Select Extinct Species on page 112.&nbsp; Most of this table is filled out for you.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>View video - <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ncsu.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=a430d41b-b5f5-4b93-82a8-acb600a73319\" target=\"_blank\">Great Transitions: The Origin of Birds<\/a> (video <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/09\/great-transitions-birds-transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">transcript<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Answer the questions in the Post-lab Assignment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Are Birds Living Dinosaurs? <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-pink-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity Three: p. 108-112<\/span>. <em>Not done in lab for Fall 2026.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style3 wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Below is a cast of <em>Archaeopteryx<\/em>.&nbsp; Compare the bone structure seen in Figure 6-11 of the reptile and bird in your lab manual to what you can see below.&nbsp; Figure 6-11 in you lab manual is a more faded picture of the image seen below.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-449 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/archeopteryx.jpg\" alt=\"archopteryx\" class=\"wp-image-449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/archeopteryx.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/archeopteryx-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>Archaeopteryx<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4 wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nautil.us\/t-rex-might-be-the-thing-with-feathers-234535\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">T. Rex Might be a Thing with Feathers<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<H2 id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading n_ma0 n_ttn n_relative n_flex n_items-center n_flex-row   n_text-gray-90 n_normal n_f3  n_justify-start\">\n                    \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading__icon n_mr3 n_fls0 icon n_text-gray-90 n_fill-gray-90 n_br0  n_s2 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n\n\n    <svg version=\"1.1\"  xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlnsXlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 50 50\" enableBackground=\"new 0 0 50 50\" xmlSpace=\"preserve\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" >\n      <g>\n        <path  d=\"M44.4,10l-10-10L5.5,0v50h39L44.4,10z M35.2,4.2l5.1,5.1h-5.1V4.2z M7.9,47.6V2.4l24.9,0v9.3H42l0.1,35.9\n\tH7.9z\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"7.6\"  width=\"19.4\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"18.7\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"13.1\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"24.2\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"29.8\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"35.3\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"40.9\"  width=\"12.7\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n      <\/g>\n    <\/svg>\n\n<\/span>\n    <span class=\"gray-90\">\n        <span class=\"n_fls0 block-icon-heading__content n_univers-light \">\n            Additional Information\n        <\/span>\n    <\/span>\n<\/H2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:23px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4 wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/science-nature\/dinosaurs-living-descendants-69657706\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dinosaurs' Living Descendants<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/videos\/what-jurassic-park-got-wrong-about-raptors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What Jurassic Park Got Wrong About Raptors<\/a> (2:58) - this discusses how birds are like raptors.<\/span> (link not currently working)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2022\/10\/Why-Did-Ferns-Persist-When-All-Other-Plants-Perished.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Why did Ferns Persist When All Other Plants Perished?<\/a> - Fern population explosion seen following mass extinction that ended the Cretaceous period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Phylogeny &#8211; Classification and Assessing Relatedness Supplementary Information to use with the Plant &amp; Vertebrate Biodiversity Scavenger Hunt Assignment. To learn about Plant and Vertebrate groups, you will be going on a scavenger hunt to find organisms in each of the indicated groups and taking pictures to document what you find and listing 2 key\/defining [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":363,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":50,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2181","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/363"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2181"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9228,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2181\/revisions\/9228"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}