{"id":4654,"date":"2021-08-31T19:33:12","date_gmt":"2021-08-31T19:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/?page_id=4654"},"modified":"2026-09-29T17:23:10","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T17:23:10","slug":"lab-3-online-make-up-module","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-3-online-make-up-module\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab 5 &#8211; Online Make Up Module"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-pink-color has-text-color\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speciation: An Evolutionary Process &#8211; <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #0000ff\">Make Up Module<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-284\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/africanized-honeybee.jpg\" alt=\"Africanized honeybee\" width=\"470\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/africanized-honeybee.jpg 470w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/africanized-honeybee-300x231.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speciation &#8211; The evolutionary process in which new biological species arise.&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2026\/09\/LabUnit5_SpeciationLab2026.docx\">Lab Unit Handout&nbsp;(Lab manual)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"77\" class=\"wp-image-2964 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/bee_icon-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"bee icon\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-black-color has-text-color\">PRE-LAB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Read the whole lab unit before coming to lab.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>General Background Information\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>View the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/10\/Hybridized-HoneyBees.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Hybridized Honeybees Presentation<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activity 1 \u2013 Procedure II: Micropipetting and gel electrophoresis\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>View the following video and animation (make sure to review the lab manual, pp. 38-40):<br><a href=\"https:\/\/dnalc.cshl.edu\/resources\/animations\/gelelectrophoresis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gel Electrophoresis \u2013 animation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=p-jwliaGFrk&amp;t=5s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Loading an Agarose Gel<\/a> \u2013 tips for loading gels and what not to do.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2gfl8IbspWQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Instructions for loading an agarose gel<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2013 video (mixing the same is not as important with our samples)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Speciation \u2013 Additional good information on Species and Speciation\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/species\" target=\"_blank\">What is a Species?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/bears\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bears, Species, and DNA<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-37311716\" target=\"_blank\">Giraffe Genetic Secrets: Four Species of Tallest Mammal Identified<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>NOTE:<\/strong> You will need a metric ruler (cm\/mm) at least 30 cm long and a laptop\/tablet screen that is at least 12 inches wide (~30.5 cm) for the In-Lab procedure (see below)<\/span>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you do not have an appropriate ruler, you can arrange a 1 week loan with your lab instructor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Roles of different bees<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1008\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes.jpg\" alt=\"Bee Caste Chart\" class=\"wp-image-369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes.jpg 1008w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/beecastes-768x411.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1008px) 100vw, 1008px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"77\" class=\"wp-image-2964 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/bee_icon-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"bee icon\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\" class=\"tadv-color\">IN-LAB<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Morphological Characteristics &#8211; Activity 1 &#8211; Procedure-I:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Your TA will assign you to investigate a specific hive group found below.  <span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Download<\/strong> your assigned &#8220;Group&#8221; PDF file (see below) that includes 36 Bee wing pictures. It is important that you are using a laptop\/tablet screen that is least 12&#8243; inches wide (~30.5 cm).&nbsp; This is important so that you can see and measure the enlarge whole bee wings <strong>viewed in actual size 100% size<\/strong>.<\/span> <p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Bee Wing Pictures<\/strong><\/span><\/p> <table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;border-style: solid\"> <tbody> <tr> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Table-1-Bee-wings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Hive 1 &#8211; Group 1<\/a><\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Table-2-Bee-wings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Hive 1 &#8211; Group 2<\/a><\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Table-3-Bee-wings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Hive 2 &#8211; Group 3<\/a><\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Table-4-Bee-wings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Hive 2 &#8211; Group 4<\/a><\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Table-5-Bee-Wings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Hive 3 &#8211; Group 5<\/a><\/span><\/td> <td style=\"width: 16.6667%;border-style: solid;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Table-6-Bee-Wings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Hive 3 &#8211; Group 6<\/a><\/span><\/td> <\/tr> <\/tbody> <\/table> <span style=\"font-family: UniversLight, arial, sans-serif;font-size: revert;color: initial\">&nbsp;<\/span> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>VERY IMPORTANT<\/strong> &#8211;&gt; Open the file and download it to your computer. Check under &#8220;View&#8221; in the PDF menu to make sure that you are viewing at &#8220;Actual Size&#8221; or &#8220;100%&#8221;.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Use a metric ruler (cm\/mm) to measure your assigned bee wings on your computer monitor. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Study the wing diagram to see how to position the ruler <strong>parallel<\/strong> to the wing length to determine the length from the notch near the joint to the longest point on the flattened wing.&nbsp; <strong>Do not<\/strong> <strong>angle<\/strong> the ruler to connect the notch to the longest part of the wing. You may need to rotate some of the images for ease of measuring.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/ncsu.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=557498cf-6658-4b58-b785-acb600a7b48c\" target=\"_blank\">View this Video<\/a> on how to measure the bee wing images.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>You will need to <em>CALIBRATE<\/em> the image on your computer screen<\/strong> to be the same size as your other group members.&nbsp; Using the wing diagram on the first page of wing pictures, measure the length of the horizontal line with arrows.&nbsp; Compare your measurement with all your group members.&nbsp; If the size of the line is not the same, you will need to adjust the size of the image to match one another.&nbsp; Your standard size should be somewhere between 16.0-17.5 cm.&nbsp; Choose a measurement you can all agree upon (ex. 16.5 cm).<\/span>  If you are making up the lab on your own, you only need to be sure to calibrate the image between 16.0-17.5 cm.  You so not need to calibrate the image with anyone else.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you are working on your own, you will need to measure all 36 wings.  If there is another classmate that missed lab, you may be paired up to work together.  If so, <span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">please evenly divide the wings to measure evenly between each student in your group.&nbsp; If you have 2 students making up lab, each person should measure 18 different wings.  There are 12 Known African wings, 12 Known European wings, and 12 Unknown Wings. You will be comparing the length of unknown wings to the other two groups of known bees.<\/span> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Record your group data and calculate the average wing lengths in the provided Excel Spreadsheet below.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">If you are working alone, you can use this  <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2022\/09\/Downloadable_Lab3_wingsgraphRESETtemplateF22.xls\" target=\"_blank\">Downloadable Excel Spreadsheet<\/a>.<\/span>  If you are working with another student making up the lab, your TA will provide a spreadsheet to use together in a google folder.  We highly advice you to work together at the same time since the wing images need to be calibrated together or your data will not be consistent for graphing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/ncsu.hosted.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=28512997-14ca-4ab5-8c86-ae7a00eff722\" target=\"_blank\">Video<\/a> on entering data in the Graphing Excel (or Google) Sheet.&nbsp; The video refers to using an Excel template, but we found the transfer of the Excel sheet to work on in Google sheets does not keep all the settings in our template.&nbsp; Entering the data in the the provided Google Sheet template is the same.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Molecular Characteristics:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">In lab you would have run DNA Electrophoresis using samples of mtDNA from bees found in your assigned hive.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Equipment:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/DNA-Unit-e1590465732367.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2149\" style=\"width:372px;height:353px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Micropipette_in_action.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2150\" style=\"width:284px;height:363px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Micropipette_in_action.jpg 440w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/05\/Micropipette_in_action-235x300.jpg 235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color\"><strong>The Electrophoretic Process<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dnalc.org\/resources\/animations\/gelelectrophoresis.html\" target=\"_blank\">How DNA Electrophoresis works<\/a>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labxchange.org\/library\/pathway\/lx-pathway:33b08759-5d13-4128-8867-68428a8d1081\/items\/lx-pb:33b08759-5d13-4128-8867-68428a8d1081:lx_simulation:644d8922\" target=\"_blank\">Gel Electrophoresis Simulation<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2021\/01\/Labeled-Bee-Gel-1-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 1 (Groups 1 &amp; 2)<\/span><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2021\/01\/Labeled-Bee-Gel-3-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 2 (Groups 3 &amp; 4)<\/span><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2021\/01\/Labeled-Bee-Gel-5-6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Hive 3 (Groups 5 &amp; 6)<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Compare your morphological data with the corresponding mtDNA analysis.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Be prepared to present your findings to your TA.&nbsp;<\/strong> Take a screen shot of your graph and gel (from above).  Include a written explanation of what this means and what your advise would be to the bee keeper in a Word doc.&nbsp; Email this to your TA to show that you have completed the make up lab.<\/span>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">What can you conclude about the bees in your hive?&nbsp; Explain your supporting evidence.&nbsp; What course of action do you suggest to the Beekeeper of this hive?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">What economic implications are at stake making appropriate hive management so important?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"68\" height=\"77\" class=\"wp-image-2964 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/bee_icon-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"bee icon\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"color:#000000\" class=\"tadv-color\">POST-LAB<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Take a screen shot of your gel (from above) and an Excel or Google Sheets copy of your data sheet and graph.<\/strong>  I<strong>nclude a written explanation of what this means and what your advise would be to the bee keeper in a Word doc.<\/strong>&nbsp; <strong>Email this to your TA to show that you have completed the make up lab. <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Complete the End of Lab Unit questions handout <strong>attached below<\/strong>&nbsp;and submit on Moodle within 24 hours of the start of lab (or agreed upon day\/time with your Lab Instructor).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"block-callout n_items-center-ns  n_bg-yellow   block-callout--img-left \" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-callout__content n_pa4 n_w-100 n_flex n_flex-column n_tc  n_text-black\">\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2024\/02\/LabUnit5_Speciation_EndofUnitQs.docx\" class=\"block-callout__link n_no-underline \">\n\t\t\t            <P class=\"block-callout__heading heading n_overflow-wrap-break n_pv2 n_ph0 n_ttn n_ma0 n_lh-title n_f3  n_univers-light n_normal n_text-black\">Post Lab Individual Work-Make Up Lab<\/P>\n\n\t\t            <\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t<p class=\"block-callout__body-wrapper n_text-black n_ma0 n_pa0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"block-callout__body \">Complete this attached End of Unit Questions Handout found here. Upload your work into Moodle by the End of Lab or up to 24 hours after the start of your lab section this week.<br><br>Also, turn in a copy of your completed Bee wing data table and graph from the Hive &amp; Group # your TA assigned to you (see above).  Refer to the corresponding picture of the Hive mtDNA gel and write an explanation of what the wing size and DNA evidence can tell us about the hive in question.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t                            \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-callout__arrow right-arrow icon n_text-black n_fill-black n_br0  n_s3 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"   ><path d=\"M16.438 9.563l-0.625 0.625 5.563 5.563h-13.375v0.875h13.375l-5.563 5.563 0.625 0.625 6.625-6.625z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:13px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"block-callout n_items-center-ns  n_bg-yellow   block-callout--img-left \" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-callout__content n_pa4 n_w-100 n_flex n_flex-column n_tc  n_text-black\">\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-6-online\/\" class=\"block-callout__link n_no-underline \">\n\t\t\t            <P class=\"block-callout__heading heading n_overflow-wrap-break n_pv2 n_ph0 n_ttn n_ma0 n_lh-title n_f3  n_univers-light n_normal n_text-black\">Plant and Vertebrate Scavenger Hunt<\/P>\n\n\t\t            <\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t<p class=\"block-callout__body-wrapper n_text-black n_ma0 n_pa0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"block-callout__body \">Click on this box to link to further background information supporting Plant and Vertebrate Biodiversity.<br><br>Due by the start of your next In Person Lab Unit 7 Fungi &amp; Invertebrates.  <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t                            \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-callout__arrow right-arrow icon n_text-black n_fill-black n_br0  n_s3 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"   ><path d=\"M16.438 9.563l-0.625 0.625 5.563 5.563h-13.375v0.875h13.375l-5.563 5.563 0.625 0.625 6.625-6.625z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:11px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\">Continuation of your Semester Group Ecology Project: (Fall)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"block-callout n_items-center-ns  n_bg-green   block-callout--img-left \" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-callout__content n_pa4 n_w-100 n_flex n_flex-column n_tc  n_text-white\">\n\t\t\t\t                                        <P class=\"block-callout__heading heading n_overflow-wrap-break n_pv2 n_ph0 n_ttn n_ma0 n_lh-title n_f3  n_univers-light n_normal n_text-white\">Ecology Group Work Week 2<\/P>\n\n                \t\t\t\t<p class=\"block-callout__body-wrapper n_text-white n_ma0 n_pa0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"block-callout__body \">Click to access Unit 4.1 Information about the Ecology Group Presentation.<br><br>Use the feedback on your group&#8217;s Benchmark #2 to construct your group&#8217;s presentation, but do not add any narration yet.<br>Complete all work within your group&#8217;s Google folder AND email 1 copy to your TA to review by Friday 11:59PM of the Ecology Work Week 2.  Late presentations will not be reviewed.<br><br>You will need to add narration when submitting the Final Presentation in Moodle.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<H2 id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading n_ma0 n_ttn n_relative n_flex n_items-center n_flex-row   n_text-gray-90 n_normal n_f3  n_justify-start\">\n                    \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading__icon n_mr3 n_fls0 icon n_text-gray-90 n_fill-gray-90 n_br0  n_s2 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n\n\n    <svg version=\"1.1\"  xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlnsXlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 50 50\" enableBackground=\"new 0 0 50 50\" xmlSpace=\"preserve\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" >\n      <g>\n        <path  d=\"M44.4,10l-10-10L5.5,0v50h39L44.4,10z M35.2,4.2l5.1,5.1h-5.1V4.2z M7.9,47.6V2.4l24.9,0v9.3H42l0.1,35.9\n\tH7.9z\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"7.6\"  width=\"19.4\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"18.7\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"13.1\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"24.2\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"29.8\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"35.3\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"40.9\"  width=\"12.7\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n      <\/g>\n    <\/svg>\n\n<\/span>\n    <span class=\"gray-90\">\n        <span class=\"n_fls0 block-icon-heading__content n_univers-light \">\n            Additional Information\n        <\/span>\n    <\/span>\n<\/H2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Bee Background Information:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/content.ces.ncsu.edu\/africanized-honey-bees-prevention-and-control#:~:text=First%2C%20do%20not%20swat%20at,by%20removing%20potential%20nest%20sites.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Africanized Honey Bees: Prevention and Control<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entomology.ces.ncsu.edu\/2020\/04\/host-shifts-and-honey-bees-lessons-from-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Host-Shifts &amp; Honey Bees: Lessons from COVID-19<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/content.ces.ncsu.edu\/africanized-honey-bees-some-questions-and-answers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Africanized Honey Bees Some Questions and Answers (NC State Extension)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/03\/Schneider_et_al_20062.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The African Honey Bee \u2013 3 papers<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2025\/01\/Effect-of-honey-bees-on-native-bees.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effects of Non-Native Managed Honey Bees on Native Bee Populations(opens in new window)<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2013 new study!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"408\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2018\/02\/beeIllustrate1.gif\" alt=\"Identification of Bees and Wasps\" class=\"wp-image-190\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Speciation Information:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a style=\"font-size: 12pt;background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Species?<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.genetics.utah.edu\/content\/evolution\/bears\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bears, Species and DNA<\/a>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-37311716\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Giraffe Genetic Secrets: Four Species of Tallest Mammal Identified<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Electrophoresis Information<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.labxchange.org\/library\/pathway\/lx-pathway:33b08759-5d13-4128-8867-68428a8d1081\/items\/lx-pb:33b08759-5d13-4128-8867-68428a8d1081:lx_simulation:644d8922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gel Electrophoresis Simulation<\/a><br><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dnalc.org\/resources\/animations\/gelelectrophoresis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How DNA Electrophoresis works<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Speciation: An Evolutionary Process &#8211; Make Up Module Speciation &#8211; The evolutionary process in which new biological species arise.&nbsp; Lab Unit Handout&nbsp;(Lab manual) PRE-LAB The Roles of different bees IN-LAB Morphological Characteristics &#8211; Activity 1 &#8211; Procedure-I: Molecular Characteristics: In lab you would have run DNA Electrophoresis using samples of mtDNA from bees found in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":363,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":41,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4654","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/363"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4654"}],"version-history":[{"count":59,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9223,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4654\/revisions\/9223"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}