{"id":8514,"date":"2025-09-07T22:15:04","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T22:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/?page_id=8514"},"modified":"2026-09-16T16:05:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T16:05:33","slug":"benchmark-2-individual-data-representations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/benchmark-2-individual-data-representations\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 4.1: Benchmark #1 &#8211; Individual Data Representations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/sapsucker_bird.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2784\" style=\"width:240px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/sapsucker_bird.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/sapsucker_bird-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/sapsucker_bird-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/fungal_leafspot2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2770\" style=\"width:266px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/chewing_ladybug-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2745\" style=\"width:355px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/chewing_ladybug-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/chewing_ladybug-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/chewing_ladybug-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2020\/06\/chewing_ladybug.jpg 1698w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Before you start:<\/strong> Make sure you have completed your individual data collection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">. NOTE: You will need to refer to all of the data you entered in the Data Collection Handout from the <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/benchmark-1-individual-data-collection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Individual Data Collection Methods<\/a> page to complete the steps below. Use the <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2026\/09\/Benchmark-1-Eco-Project-Leaf-Individual-Data-represenation_Template-F26.docx\">Benchmark #1: Individual Representations Template<\/a> found in the green Callout Box at the bottom of this page to insert your work as listed below and save as a PDF for uploading into your lab Moodle site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using the data you entered in your data tables for each tree you sampled (Table 4.1-1. Calculations of approximate leaf surface area of the data collection sheet), make a basic bar graph to represent overall percent leaf damage for each tree species in one graph. Be sure to use the best practices for graphing. For example, label all axes, provide units, include a title, a figure label, etc. \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(Refer to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2024\/09\/UNDERSTANDING-AND-REPRESENTING-DATA-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Understanding and Representing Data<\/a> to help you, and see the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/go.distance.ncsu.edu\/labwrite\/resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LabWrite Data Representation Resources<\/a> to see examples of various types of graphs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Now that you have created a basic graph for your two trees, you are ready to take it to the next level. Examine all of your data, both qualitative (your observations of the trees, species, environment, pictures, descriptions, etc.) and quantitative data (Table 4.1-1) to find other ways to represent your data in a graph(s). Look at patterns, comparisons, etc. For example, you may want to look at particular types of herbivory observed, any differences in location of the tree, fungal vs. herbivory damage, etc. \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Best Practices for Graphs:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Include a descriptive title:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For graphs, the title goes at the top. Alternatively, you may skip the title and instead add a caption at the bottom of the graph following the graph label. For example, Figure 1. Comparison of fungal incidence in native vs. non-native trees on North Carolina.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Label the axes of your graph(s) (include units of measure as appropriate).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Include a descriptive legend.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be sure to number your Figure(s) for easy reference, e.g., Figure 1, 2; etc. (Note that all photos and images are also considered figures.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Describe and Discuss\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Write a paragraph to describe your findings and refer to your graphs\/tables using best practices. For example, if you are describing a finding, you may want to tell the reader to see Figure 1, or see Table 1; or write (Figure 1), (Table 1) after your description.  If you were writing a lab report, or scientific paper, this paragraph would go in the Results section along with your graphs and tables (see <a href=\"https:\/\/go.distance.ncsu.edu\/labwrite\/\">LabWrite<\/a> for guidance on scientific writing).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Write a paragraph to discuss your findings. Here is where you make inferences based on what you found and explain what it means, why it matters, how it ties in with broader issues&#8211;the big picture. NOTE: Refer to the background material in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2023\/08\/Ecology-Project_Herbivory.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"6908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Background and Methods<\/a> for this unit (also found at the top of this page), and see the Additional Information section below). If you were writing a lab report, or scientific paper, this paragraph would go in the Discussion section.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"block-callout n_items-center-ns  n_bg-green   block-callout--img-left \" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"block-callout__content n_pa4 n_w-100 n_flex n_flex-column n_tc  n_text-white\">\n\t\t\t\t                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/351\/2026\/09\/Benchmark-1-Eco-Project-Leaf-Individual-Data-represenation_Template-F26.docx\" class=\"block-callout__link n_no-underline \">\n\t\t\t            <P class=\"block-callout__heading heading n_overflow-wrap-break n_pv2 n_ph0 n_ttn n_ma0 n_lh-title n_f3  n_univers-light n_normal n_text-white\">Click for the Benchmark #1 Individual Data Representations Template<\/P>\n\n\t\t            <\/a>\n                \t\t\t\t<p class=\"block-callout__body-wrapper n_text-white n_ma0 n_pa0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"block-callout__body \">What to turn on on Moodle for Benchmark #1:<br>1.  Completed Unit. 4.1 Leaf Herbivory Data Collection Handout Fall\/Summer.<br>2.  Completed Benchmark #1 Unit 4.1 Individual Data Representations template that includes the 2 graphs described in parts 1, 2, and your written comments explained in part 3 in the Benchmark #1 template. <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t                            \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-callout__arrow right-arrow icon n_text-white n_fill-white n_br0  n_s3 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"   ><path d=\"M16.438 9.563l-0.625 0.625 5.563 5.563h-13.375v0.875h13.375l-5.563 5.563 0.625 0.625 6.625-6.625z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n                    \t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/unit-4-1-leaf-herbivory-sampling-methods\/\">Back to Unit 4.1 main webpage<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:22px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<H2 id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading n_ma0 n_ttn n_relative n_flex n_items-center n_flex-row   n_text-gray-90 n_normal n_f3  n_justify-start\">\n                    \n    \n    \n        <span id=\"\" class=\"block-icon-heading__icon n_mr3 n_fls0 icon n_text-gray-90 n_fill-gray-90 n_br0  n_s2 \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n\n\n    <svg version=\"1.1\"  xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlnsXlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 50 50\" enableBackground=\"new 0 0 50 50\" xmlSpace=\"preserve\" class=\"n_mw-100 n_w-100 n_h-100\" >\n      <g>\n        <path  d=\"M44.4,10l-10-10L5.5,0v50h39L44.4,10z M35.2,4.2l5.1,5.1h-5.1V4.2z M7.9,47.6V2.4l24.9,0v9.3H42l0.1,35.9\n\tH7.9z\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"7.6\"  width=\"19.4\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"18.7\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"13.1\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"24.2\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"29.8\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"35.3\"  width=\"25.1\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n        <rect x=\"12.3\" y=\"40.9\"  width=\"12.7\" height=\"1.9\" \/>\n      <\/g>\n    <\/svg>\n\n<\/span>\n    <span class=\"gray-90\">\n        <span class=\"n_fls0 block-icon-heading__content n_univers-light \">\n            Additional Information\n        <\/span>\n    <\/span>\n<\/H2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From Oct. 5, 2016 NCSU Bulletin \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2016\/10\/urban-warming-slows-growth-2016\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Urban Warming Slows Tree Growth, Photosynthesis <\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 mentions increased insect pests are part of the problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/unit-4-1-leaf-herbivory-sampling-methods\/\">Back to Unit 4.1 main webpage<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Before you start: Make sure you have completed your individual data collection . NOTE: You will need to refer to all of the data you entered in the Data Collection Handout from the Individual Data Collection Methods page to complete the steps below. Use the Benchmark #1: Individual Representations Template found in the green Callout [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":362,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8514","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/362"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8514"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9183,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8514\/revisions\/9183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181-hybrid-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}