{"id":2718,"date":"2020-06-15T22:57:40","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T22:57:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/?page_id=2718"},"modified":"2023-04-28T15:06:29","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T15:06:29","slug":"lab-unit-9-online-blended","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-9-online-blended\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab Unit 9-Nutritional Adaptations in Animals &#8211; In Person"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/tiger_lat.jpg\" alt=\"tiger skull\" class=\"wp-image-293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/tiger_lat.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/tiger_lat-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #0000ff\">Scroll below for In-Person Lab<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-red-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-9-nutritional-adaptations-in-animals-online\/\" style=\"border-radius:10px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click for Online Module<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size is-style-fill has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2021\/10\/Lab9_PreLab_handout-NutritionOnline-B.docx\" style=\"border-radius:10px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click to get Pre-Lab Assignment<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Introduction to the lab:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Read the background material for this lab (pp. 149-152). After reading the background material, organize the indicated terms listed in the assignment sheet in a table, concept map, or any other representation that will help you remember a<span style=\"color: #000000\">nd understand them.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;font-size: 12pt\">If making a table, explain each term.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Want to know about concept mapping? Below are some resources:<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/moodle-courses2021.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/pluginfile.php\/1110887\/mod_page\/content\/1\/Concept%20Map%20Tutorial_%20How%20to%20Create%20Concept%20Maps.pdf\">How to make a concept map<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/moodle-courses2021.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/pluginfile.php\/1110887\/mod_page\/content\/1\/obesity%20concept%20map.gif\">Example concept map<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bubbl.us\/\">Free Concept Mapping Application<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Activity One:<\/strong> <em>Paramecium<\/em> feeding (online videos) &#8211; See materials below<\/span><br><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Refer to pp. 153 &amp; 154. Use the online videos on the lab website to learn about how the <em>Paramecium<\/em> feeds, type of digestion, and structures involved. The videos will substitute steps 1-4 &amp; 6-7 of this activity.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Use what you have learned to complete steps 5 &amp; 8 in your lab manual.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"298\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium2.jpg\" alt=\"paramecium 400x\" class=\"wp-image-495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium2.jpg 298w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium.jpg\" alt=\"paramecium diagram\" class=\"wp-image-498\" width=\"283\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium.jpg 476w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium-300x265.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE (AT 400X) AND DIAGRAM (LEFT AND RIGHT IMAGE RESPECTIVELY)<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"style4 wp-block-list\"><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Description<\/strong>: ciliate Protozoan<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Habitat<\/strong>: stagnant freshwater<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Movemen<\/strong>t: cilia<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Nutrition<\/strong>: An oral groove is used to ingest nutrients and food vacuoles are responsible for digestion.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Distinct Layers<\/strong>: The cytoplasm of protozoans can&nbsp;be divided into 2 layers.&nbsp; The ectoplasm is the more clear outermost layer and the endoplasm is the central area surrounding all organelles.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Paramecium<\/em>:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"style4 wp-block-list\"><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Description<\/strong>: ciliate Protozoan<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Habitat<\/strong>: stagnant freshwater<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Movemen<\/strong>t: cilia<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Nutrition<\/strong>: An oral groove is used to ingest nutrients and food vacuoles are responsible for digestion.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Distinct Layers<\/strong>: The cytoplasm of protozoans can&nbsp;be divided into 2 layers.&nbsp; The ectoplasm is the more clear outermost layer and the endoplasm is the central area surrounding all organelles.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">VIDEOS OF&nbsp;<em>PARAMECIUM<\/em>&nbsp;FEEDING (#1 IS WHAT YOU WOULD HAVE SEEN IN LAB)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Paramecium<\/em>&nbsp;eating Congo Red stained yeast cells.<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;As the yeast cells enter the&nbsp;<em>Paramecium<\/em>, they are encapsulated into food vacuoles.&nbsp; When the yeast cells get digested by acidic enzymes, the red stain will change the yeast cells from red to blue.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sn3MTYNe8mM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">At higher magnification<\/a>&nbsp;you can see the movement of the cilia around the perimeter of the cell used for movement, but also along the oral grove into the gullet.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Closer still you can observe the cilia along the oral grove<\/a>&nbsp;and the movement of food particles flowing into the cell.&nbsp; A food vacuole forms as particles get encapsulated to form a vacuole, which are then is released into the cytoplasm of the cell.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">After observing this feeding behavior, what&nbsp;<strong>terms<\/strong>&nbsp;can you apply to this type of feeding (Food Acquisition) and Digestion and Absorption of nutrients?<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Activity Two:<\/strong> <em>Hydra<\/em> feeding (online videos) &#8211; See materials below<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Refer to pp. 154 &amp; 155. Use the online videos on the lab website to learn about how the <em>Hydra<\/em> feeds, type of digestion, and structures involved. The videos will substitute Steps 1-3.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Use what you have learned to complete Step 4.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:14px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/Cnidaria_hydra.gif\" alt=\"hydra\" class=\"wp-image-501\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>What key characteristics can you see above that helps you know that&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;are part of the phylum Cnidaria?<\/li><li>How do&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;get food, ingest it, digest it, get the nutrients, and get rid of waste? -use the proper terms for these processes.<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HG3Wr5Bv_uM\" target=\"_blank\">Watch as a tiny&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;rips its mouth open to feed<\/a>.&nbsp; Here&nbsp;&nbsp;is a <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/how-hydra-rip-open-new-mouths-every-meal-180958372\/\" target=\"_blank\">short article<\/a> that further explains how this works).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">VIDEOS OF&nbsp;<em>HYDR<\/em>A FEEDING (#2 IS SIMILAR TO WHAT YOU WOULD HAVE SEEN IN LAB FEEDING THE&nbsp;<em>HYDRA DAPHNIA<\/em>&nbsp;OR BRINE SHRIMP)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SS_HYY97ehw\" target=\"_blank\">Video of&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;eating a mosquito larva<\/a>.&nbsp; Note the overall structure of the&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;and the smaller bulb-like stinging cells (nematocysts) along the tentacles.&nbsp; Though the mosquito larva is quite large, the lack of a skeleton and jelly like body allows the&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;a lot of stretching to fit food items through the mouth and into the gastrovascular cavity for digestion.&nbsp; How does the waste then get out?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MpSPdeTN74I\" target=\"_blank\">Green&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;eating 3 water fleas (<em>Cyclops<\/em>)<\/a>.&nbsp; The Green&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;have green algal endosymbionts that provide some carbohydrates to the&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>, but not so much that they still need to eat small zooplankton.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Describe how&nbsp;<em>Hydra<\/em>&nbsp;get food, ingest it, digest it, get the nutrients, and get rid of waste?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">After observing this feeding behavior, what&nbsp;<strong>terms<\/strong>&nbsp;can you apply to to the Hydra in for feeding (Food Acquisition) and Digestion and Absorption of nutrients?<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:23px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity Three: Bullfrog Dissection (p. 155-157)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000000\">In-Lab Dissection:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Groups will work as a table to dissect a bullfrog.&nbsp; Follow the direction in your lab manual (step #1 on page 155).&nbsp; Examine the external of your frog.&nbsp; Can you find the indicated external structures?&nbsp; Are there any clues that let you know if this is a male or female frog?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Work through the rest of the directions (steps 2-11).&nbsp; Answer all the questions and make the provided sketches and\/or take appropriate pictures to label the indicated structures.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\">If you take your own pictures of your dissection, you will need to label the main structures digitally.&nbsp; <em>Scan\/take pictures of your work<\/em> from your lab manual and upload to Moodle with your answers to the end of Lab questions (see #6 below).&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Additional images and videos are provided below that may be helpful for drawing some of the anatomy and\/or answering questions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>For your Post-Lab Assignment &#8211; Answer questions #1-6<\/em> on pp. 165-166 of your lab manual.&nbsp; The questions encompass Activitie<span style=\"color: #000000\">s 1-4.&nbsp; Do not copy and paste the information found in the lab manual or website.&nbsp; Use your own words and interpretations.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000000\">If you prefer not to participate in the Dissection:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Use the provided images found in the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/15YuNH9bHEEaC62c-00RO4eqjK0Udx0t5QJaJvzCOQno\/edit#slide=id.gc9f091607f_0_23\" target=\"_blank\">Frog Dissection (remote) PPT presentation<\/a> to complete the material covered on pages 155-157.&nbsp; These are nice clean images of a frog dissection.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">You will need to select View &#8211;&gt; Slideshow.&nbsp; Then click through different regions of the frog and organ systems to view all the indicated structures in your lab manual.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Additional images and videos are provided below that may be helpful for drawing some of the anatomy and\/or answering questions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>Make sure to fill in the material requested<\/em> on p. 155-157 and complete Steps 7-11 in your lab manual.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Draw\/sketch the internal anatomy from the online frog dissection and label all organs in correct location.&nbsp; Do not take pictures of the online images to label.&nbsp;<\/span> <\/span><em>Scan\/take pictures of your work<\/em> from your lab manual and upload to Moodle with your answers to the end of Lab questions (#6 below).&nbsp;<\/span> Please check to make sure your writing is legible. <\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>For your Post-Lab Assignment &#8211; Answer the end of lab Questions<\/em> on pp. 165-166 of your lab manual.&nbsp; The questions encompass Activities 1<span style=\"color: #000000\">-4.&nbsp; Do not copy and paste the information found in the lab manual or website.&nbsp; Use your own words and interpretations.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Images of Frog Dissections<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-502 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/frog-oral-cavity.jpg\" alt=\"frog oral cavity\" width=\"280\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/frog-oral-cavity.jpg 280w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/frog-oral-cavity-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/td><td><strong>Frog Oral Cavity <\/strong>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>a. Esophagus opening<\/p>\n<p>b. Vomerine teeth<\/p>\n<p>1. Groove of the maxilla<\/p>\n<p>2. Maxillary teeth<\/p>\n<p>3. Internal nare<\/p>\n<p>4. Eye ball<\/p>\n<p>5. Eustachian tube opening<\/p>\n<p>6. Jaw ridge<\/p>\n<p>7. Underside of the tongue<\/p>\n<p>8. Glottis<\/p>\n<p>9. Cut muscle and bone<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-503 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/female-frog-279x300.jpg\" alt=\"femal frog\" width=\"279\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/female-frog-279x300.jpg 279w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/female-frog.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\" \/><\/td><td>I<strong>nternal \u2013 Female Frog<\/strong>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. Liver lobes<\/p>\n<p>2. Heart<\/p>\n<p>3. Ovary with eggs<\/p>\n<p>4. Gall bladder<\/p>\n<p>5. Small intestine<\/p>\n<p>6. Stomach<\/p>\n<p>7. Oviduct<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-504 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/malefrog-246x300.jpg\" alt=\"male frog\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/malefrog-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/malefrog.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/td><td>I<strong>nternal \u2013 Male Frog<\/strong>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>a. Large intestine<\/p>\n<p>b. Small intestine<\/p>\n<p>1. Lung lobes<\/p>\n<p>2. Heart<\/p>\n<p>3. Liver lobes<\/p>\n<p>4. Gall bladder<\/p>\n<p>5. Stomach<\/p>\n<p>6. Small intestine<\/p>\n<p>7. Testis<\/p>\n<p>8. Fat Body<\/p>\n<p>9. Urinary bladder<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\">Videos of a preserved bullfrog dissection<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9N27Tj3B4k8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Review of external anatomy and internal mouth structures.<\/a>&nbsp; This video nicely shows the interesting attachment of the tongue and its function in capturing prey.&nbsp; You will also see the 2 types of teeth used to help hold prey: the maxillary and vomerine teeth.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8HBgMlpIzEk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Review of Internal anatomy of the digestive<\/a>, and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NJFKeNKKhP4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">circulatory, respiratory and excretory systems<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biologyjunction.com\/frog_dissection.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Good written summaries and pictures of important frog structures and dissection.<\/a>&nbsp; The discussion of the mouth structures explain how the tongue is used to capture prey and points out the 2 types of teeth (maxillary and vomerine teeth).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity Four: Mammals&#8217; Teeth and Bird Bills (p. 158-166)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Part I: Mammals\u2019 Teeth <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Read the background material and materials below, pp. 158-160.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">You will complete Tables 9-1 and 9-2 under the guidance of your lab instructor.<\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">In your lab groups, complete Tables 9-3 and 9-4. You will be examining the mammalian skulls with your group members.<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.calacademy.org\/exhibits\/skulls\/structure_and_function.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cool skull website<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 California Academy of Sciences \u2013 click on \u201cEnter the 3D gallery\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/Muscles-of-mastication.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Skull Structures and Muscles of Mastication<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Additional Information to help interpret feeding habit clues seen in skulls beyond looking at teeth.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style5\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a class=\"style6\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vivo.colostate.edu\/hbooks\/pathphys\/digestion\/pregastric\/dentalanat.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dental Formulas<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"517\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/DentalForm.jpg\" alt=\"sheep\/dog skulls\" class=\"wp-image-505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/DentalForm.jpg 517w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/DentalForm-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/MammalianSkulls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">View Mammal Skulls<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">For each skull you have examined, classify it as an herbivore, an omnivore, or a carnivore. For each, provide at least two justifications for your choice (for example, explain the type of teeth, eye placement, muscle attachments) and try to identify the type of animal.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Based on your observations, which animal appears to possess the most heterodont dentition?<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Read the background material, p. 163 and review Bird Beaks and Bills below.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">In your lab groups, complete Table 9-5. You will be examining bird skulls and bills with your group members.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">For the bills provided, do you think that there might be another purpose other than diet for bill shape or color (defense, courtship display, etc.)? If yes, please explain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Using the sheet provided below, Bird Beaks and Bills, identify at least three bird species (other than those you have already examined) and describe how their bill is designed for acquisition of food. If you do not know many species of birds, you can do a quick websearch of bird images from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Audubon<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/\">org<\/a>.&nbsp; You may want to think of common backyard birds in your local region.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:19px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;color: #000000\"><strong>Part II: Birds&#8217; Bills<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/Bird-Skulls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">View Bird Skulls<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Read the background material, p. 163 and review Bird Beaks and Bills below.<\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">In your lab groups, complete Table 9-5. You will be examining bird skulls and bills with your group members.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>a.  <span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: initial\">For the bills provided, do you think that there might be another purpose other than diet for bill shape or color (defense, courtship display, etc.)? If yes, please explain.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b.  <span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: initial\">Using the sheet provided below, Bird Beaks and Bills, identify at least three bird species (other than those you have already examined) and describe how their bill is designed for acquisition of food. If you do not know many species of birds, you can do a quick <em>websearch<\/em> of bird images from <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Audubon.org<\/a>&nbsp; You may want to think of common backyard birds in your local region.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: revert;color: initial\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/fsc.fernbank.edu\/birding\/bird_beaks.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bird Beaks and Bills<\/a>&nbsp; &#8211; Explore the various types of beaks and bills. Birds have various bill\/beak sizes and shapes for a variety of reasons. However, the most important factor in determining beak shape and size is feeding habits.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2021\/10\/tooth-root-surface-area-can-determine-primate-size\/\" target=\"_blank\">What Big Teeth You Have<\/a> &#8211; NCSU researchers looking at tooth root surface area can help determine the size of primates.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-pale-pink-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity Three: Bullfrog Dissection &#8211; mentioned earlier with the In-Lab Frog Dissection information.<\/span> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>For your Post-Lab Assignment &#8211; Answer the end of lab Questions<\/em> #1-6 on pp. 165-166 of your lab manual.&nbsp; These questions encompass Activites 1-4.  <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Do not copy and paste<\/em> the information found in the lab manual or website.&nbsp; Use your own words and interpretations.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\">Draw, sketch or take pictures (if you did the In Person dissection) of the dissection and label all organs in the correct location.&nbsp; If you took your own pictures of the dissection, you will need to label the main structures digitally.&nbsp; <em>Scan\/take pictures of your work<\/em> from your lab manual and upload to Moodle with your answers to the end of Lab questions (#1 above).&nbsp;<\/span>  Please check to be sure your writing is legible.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:39px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2023\/04\/Gut-Feeling-Takes-on-New-Meaning.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Gut Feelings Takes on New Meaning<\/a> &#8211; Touch sensors in the gut lining respond to mechanical pressure and play an important role in digestion<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scroll below for In-Person Lab Introduction to the lab: Read the background material for this lab (pp. 149-152). After reading the background material, organize the indicated terms listed in the assignment sheet in a table, concept map, or any other representation that will help you remember and understand them.&nbsp; If making a table, explain each [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":363,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":96,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2718","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/363"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2718"}],"version-history":[{"count":117,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6633,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2718\/revisions\/6633"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}