{"id":2888,"date":"2020-06-17T00:42:13","date_gmt":"2020-06-17T00:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/?page_id=2888"},"modified":"2023-03-09T12:57:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T12:57:46","slug":"unit-4-2-urban-ecology-and-field-methods","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/unit-4-2-urban-ecology-and-field-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 4.2: Urban Ecology and Field Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\"><strong>Ecological Methods &#8211; Unit 4.2: Field Sampling Techniques<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\">You get to go explore!&nbsp; Enjoy your time outdoors, but be safe!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong>Instructions:<\/strong><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">In preparation for data collection, be sure to read the background information in the lab unit pages 55-61, and read all of the steps below.  You will use many of these Methods in your Pre-Lab Data Collection this week.  Note that we will not be able to complete Methods, #4: Gloomy Scale Sampling\u2014Estimating Surface Area of Scale Insects, but during the In-Lab meeting you will be analyzing data collected from previous semesters to see what conclusions can be determined.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Reading: <a href=\"https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2019\/03\/urban-effects-on-trees\/\"><em>Dying Trees in Cities? Blame It on the Concrete<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><br>Materials you need on the field:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2023\/02\/PRELAB_Scale-InsectsLab-unit_handoutUpdateD.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Data Collection Handout &#8211; Urban Ecology<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">measuring tape or string at least 1 meter in length <\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">a magnifier app for your phone (you should have it from Unit 4.1): <em>Magnifying Glass<\/em> for <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/us\/app\/magnifying-glass-flashlight\/id908717824\">iPhones <\/a>or <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.rvappstudios.magnifyingglass&amp;hl=en_US\">Android<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">pen or pencil, <\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">phone camera\/regular camera.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Safety: <\/strong>Please be mindful of traffic, wildlife, standing water, any sort of brush or vines that may be hazardous. Wear closed-toed shoes and socks to cover your ankles. You may want other protective items like a hat, sunscreen, long-sleeved shirt and long pants.<\/span><br><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><u>Complete Methods, # 1-3 (pp. 57-58)&#8211;Follow additional information below for Methods<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Search for two locations near to you, one that is urban with impervious surfaces (Area \u201cA\u201d), i.e., asphalt, concrete, and one that is a more natural area (Area \u201cB\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Methods #1 &#8211; Making observations: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Find a tree (ideally of the same species) in the two locations (Area \u201cA\u201d and Area \u201cB\u201d), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">make observations (follow page 57 items #1 a-e) and record on the data collection sheets for each <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">location, pp. 62 &amp; 65. Note: not all trees may have leaves at this time, but you may be able to observe <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">other features of the tree. Identify your tree. Try to make as many observations as possible and take <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">pictures (add GPS location\/geotag, if possible).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Assess the Relative health of each of your trees.&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deeproot.com\/blog\/blog-entries\/13-simple-steps-to-evaluate-trees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Use 13 Steps for evaluating tree health<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">View the list of <strong>Resources<\/strong> at the end of this page that includes tree identification guides\/apps, information on organisms that live on or around a tree, and characteristics of tree health.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">You may want to get ideas from the background material in Unit 4.1. and refer to the webpage for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/unit-4-leaf-herbivory-examples\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Identifying Herbivory, Fungal Incidence, and other Associations<span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><u>Complete Methods, # 1-3 (pp. 57-58)&#8211;Follow additional information below for Methods<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Search for two locations near to you, one that is urban with impervious surfaces (Area \u201cA\u201d), i.e., asphalt, concrete, and one that is a more natural area (Area \u201cB\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Methods #2 &#8211; Plant-to-Pace:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Complete Method #2 a-d for the two trees you selected, one at each location (Area \u201cA\u201d and Area \u201cB\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Record your data in Table 4.2-1 (Area \u201cA\u201d) and Table 4.2-3 (Area \u201cB\u201d). See the following for additional<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">clarification:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/content.ces.ncsu.edu\/measuring-impervious-surface-cover-with-the-pace-to-plant-technique\">Pace to plant technique<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Methods #3 \u2013 Diameter at Breast Height (DBH):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Record this measurement for each tree, and enter in Table 4.2-2 (Area \u201cA\u201d) and Table 4.2-4 (Area \u201cB\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Ignore the note at the bottom of these data tables, as they refer to the scale insect protocol you will not <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">be completing. You will need a measuring tape to measure the circumference of your tree (or use a string, ribbon, or anything you can wrap around the tree and later use to measure with a measuring stick or ruler).&nbsp; DBH measurements are taken at 4.5 feet\/1.37 meters above the ground. Refer to the following NC State Forestry page to view videos on how to take DBH measurements:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forestry.ces.ncsu.edu\/forestry-videos\/\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Video &#8211; How to take DBH measurements&nbsp;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em><strong>Alternate Option 1<\/strong><\/em> (same Methods as above, but different sampling location option):<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">If you cannot find (or go) to a natural area as a comparison to an urban area, you may <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">choose two trees in an urban setting. They do not need to be the same species in this <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">case, but they can be. You can then make observations and comparisons within the <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">context of their microclimates. Follow the same protocol listed above for everything <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">else.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em><strong>Alternate Option 2<\/strong><\/em> (same Methods as above, but different sampling location option):<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">If you live in a rural area and cannot find (or go) to an urban area, choose two different trees in your area. They do not need to be the same species in this case, but they can be. Try to choose two different locations. For example, if you have trees close to your house or other structures like driveways, stonework, patios, walkways, etc., you can use that as our \u201curban\u201d tree location. You may then choose a location farther away from these types of structures around your property. Follow the same protocol listed above for everything else.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-4-scale-insect-online-blended\/\" style=\"border-radius:9px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click to return to main Unit 4.2 Webpage for In-lab and Post-Lab<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><u>Resources:<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Tree Health and Urban Ecology:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">13 Steps for evaluating tree health:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deeproot.com\/blog\/blog-entries\/13-simple-steps-to-evaluate-trees\">https:\/\/www.deeproot.com\/blog\/blog-entries\/13-simple-steps-to-evaluate-trees<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Storm damage to landscape trees from NC State\u2019s Extension program:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gardening.ces.ncsu.edu\/weather-2\/storm-damaged-landscape-trees\/\">https:\/\/gardening.ces.ncsu.edu\/weather-2\/storm-damaged-landscape-trees\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">What Tree Should be Planted from NC State\u2019s Extension program:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lenoir.ces.ncsu.edu\/2019\/02\/what-tree-should-be-planted\/\">https:\/\/lenoir.ces.ncsu.edu\/2019\/02\/what-tree-should-be-planted\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Resources for Tree and Organism Identification<\/strong>: Here are some resources in the form of links<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">and applications (some of these apps are not free, but you can search for your own online too):<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">NC Tree Identification from NC State\u2019s Extension program:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gardening.ces.ncsu.edu\/2015\/08\/nc-tree-identification\/\">https:\/\/gardening.ces.ncsu.edu\/2015\/08\/nc-tree-identification\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Trees &#8211; NC State Resources Extension Program:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gardening.ces.ncsu.edu\/gardening-plants\/trees-3\/\">https:\/\/gardening.ces.ncsu.edu\/gardening-plants\/trees-3\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">ChopDoc \u2013 list of apps for tree identification by leaves and bark:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/chopdoc.com\/how-to-identify-tree-by-leaves\" target=\"_blank\">ChopDoc \u2013 list of apps for tree identification by leaves and bark(opens in new window)<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Seek by iNaturalist \u2013 app that helps you identify organisms:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/pages\/seek_app\">https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/pages\/seek_app<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">MyNature Tree Guide: <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Android: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/MyNature-Inc-Tree-Guide\/dp\/B00CJ1OYV4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/MyNature-Inc-Tree-Guide\/dp\/B00CJ1OYV4<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">iPhone <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mynatureapps.com\/mynature-tree-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.mynatureapps.com\/mynature-tree-guide\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">iBird: <a href=\"http:\/\/ibird.com\/\">http:\/\/ibird.com\/#<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Peterson&#8217;s Bird Guide: <a href=\"http:\/\/petersonguides.com\/apps\/apps.php\">http:\/\/petersonguides.com\/apps\/apps.php<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Merlin Bird ID: <a href=\"https:\/\/merlin.allaboutbirds.org\/\">https:\/\/merlin.allaboutbirds.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Audubon Bird Guide App: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/app\">https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/app<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Butterfly Collection \u2013 app for identifying butterflies and other insects:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hunter.pairsite.com\/butterfly\/\">http:\/\/hunter.pairsite.com\/butterfly\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/lab-unit-4-scale-insect-online-blended\/\" style=\"border-radius:10px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Return to Lab 4.2 Main Webpage<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><\/div>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ecological Methods &#8211; Unit 4.2: Field Sampling Techniques You get to go explore!&nbsp; Enjoy your time outdoors, but be safe! Instructions: In preparation for data collection, be sure to read the background information in the lab unit pages 55-61, and read all of the steps below. You will use many of these Methods in your [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":362,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2888","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/362"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2888"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6599,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2888\/revisions\/6599"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}