{"id":71,"date":"2018-02-14T03:06:02","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T03:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/?page_id=71"},"modified":"2020-05-16T00:20:07","modified_gmt":"2020-05-16T00:20:07","slug":"laboratory-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/laboratory-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab Unit 8"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Species Relationships: Symbiosis<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-292\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/parasites16.jpg\" alt=\"parasitic worm\" width=\"410\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/parasites16.jpg 410w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/parasites16-300x227.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"style6\">Classical Symbiotic Relationships &#8211; Mutualism, Commensalism and Parasitism<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-468\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/th-e1522868133616.jpg\" alt=\"clownfish\" width=\"224\" height=\"150\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-467 \" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/th-2-e1522868256523.jpg\" alt=\"shark\" width=\"225\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/th-2-e1522868256523.jpg 480w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/th-2-e1522868256523-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-471\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/150126-ziegler-pitchers-09-e1522868325473.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/150126-ziegler-pitchers-09-e1522868325473.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/150126-ziegler-pitchers-09-e1522868325473-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/150126-ziegler-pitchers-09-e1522868325473-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/150126-ziegler-pitchers-09-e1522868325473-1024x684.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-472\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/images-e1522868381848.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"style2\"><strong>Common Terms<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Interspecific interactions<\/strong>: Interactions between organisms of different species (deer and cattle).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Intraspecific interactions<\/strong>: Interactions between members of the same species (interactions within a deer population).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Mutualism<\/strong>: a relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Commensalism<\/strong>: A symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which one derives some benefit while the other is unaffected.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"style3\" style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Parasitism<\/strong>: A symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed. Parasites derive nutrition from their host and may also gain other benefits such as shelter and a habitat in which to grow and reproduce.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Endoparasites<\/strong>: A parasite, such as a tapeworm, that lives within another organism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Ectoparasites<\/strong>: A parasite, such as a flea, that lives on the exterior of another organism<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Last week in lab we looked at Lichens.<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/video\/shorts\/whats-in-a-lichen-how-scientists-got-it-wrong-for-150-years\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What&#8217;s in a Lichen?\u00a0 How Scientists Got it Wrong for 150 years.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"style6\">Mutualism in Some Carnivorous Plants<\/h3>\n<p class=\"style6\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/proof.nationalgeographic.com\/2015\/01\/28\/the-living-breathing-world-of-borneos-carnivorous-pitcher-plants\/?utm_source=NatGeocom&amp;utm_medium=Email&amp;utm_content=multi_20150309&amp;utm_campaign=MultiProduct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Living, Breathing World of Borneos Carnivorous Pitcher Plants<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; wonderful pictures<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"style6\"><strong>Symbiotic Pollination Strategies\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"style3\">\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Hv4n85-SqxQ&amp;playnext=1&amp;list=PL3C533BA958F11500&amp;feature=results_main\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sexual Encounters of the Floral Kind<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; a few videoclips, some shown in lab<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JfkiYfrStrU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Fig Wasp and Fig Fruit<\/a> &#8211; Short video showing the life cycle, narrated by David Attenborough<\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">NCSU Researcher studying\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2015\/06\/epps-butterfly\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Insect\/Butterfly Wings Key to Flame Azalea Pollination<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">NCSU Researcher studying <a href=\"https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2018\/06\/odd-pollinators-of-nc\/?utm_source=Bulletin+-+June+List&amp;utm_campaign=698e801f00-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_06_14_02_06&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_e1cd331aff-698e801f00-101191585\">4 of North Carolina&#8217;s Oddest Pollinators (They Aren&#8217;t Bees)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">NCSU Researchers studying\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2017\/09\/climates-effects-on-flowers-critical-for-bumble-bees\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Climate Change and Critical Pollinators<\/a>\u00a0(Sept 2017)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>NCSU <a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.ncsu.edu\/blog\/2016\/06\/30\/pollinators-welcome-here\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pollinators Welcome Here<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/05\/Moths-Work-the-Pollination-Night-Shift-Visiting-Some-Flowers-Bees-Skip-_-Smart-News-_-Smithsonian-Magazine.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moths Work the Pollination Night Shift <\/a>&#8211; short Smithsonian article<\/li>\n<li class=\"style3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/photography\/proof\/2018\/february\/glowing-flowers-ultraviolet-light\/?utm_source=NatGeocom&amp;utm_medium=Email&amp;utm_content=pom_20180225_7AM&amp;utm_campaign=engagement&amp;utm_rd=360193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UV Photography and flowers &#8211; National Geographraphic<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/cannabis-fields-offer-late-season-pollen-source-stressed-bees?utm_source=email&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=latest-newsletter-v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hemp Fields Offer a Late Season Pollen Source for Stressed Bees<\/a> (usually wind pollinated)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/tree-brazil-arid-northeast-rains-nectar-flowers-bat-pollinators?utm_source=email&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=latest-newsletter-v2&amp;utm_source=Latest_Headlines&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=Latest_Headlines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Brazilian tree that rains nectar to attract bat pollinators<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"style6\"><strong>Endosymbiotic Relationships &#8211; What do termites and cows have in common?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-473\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/termites-in-soil-e1522868695394.gif\" alt=\"termites\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-474\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346.jpg\" alt=\"termite gut microbes\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346.jpg 921w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HOx7SDdIqyU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Termite Gut Microbes<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; short video clip.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kenneth-noll.uconn.edu\/termite-gut-microbes\/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Termite Gut Microbes<\/a> &#8211; images of a variety of microbes Univ. of Conn. research lab.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/Microbial-Symbiosis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Microbial Symbiosis in Cow Rumen<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; ppt<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FoLJF7cs1Rk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cow rumen fluid<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; videoclip<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"style4\" style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span class=\"style10\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.smithsonianmag.com\/science\/2013\/09\/could-panda-poop-be-the-secret-to-more-efficient-biofuel\/?utm_source=smithsoniantopic&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=20130915-Weekender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pandas &#8211; another example of the importance of bacteria endosymbiosis<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; Short article about using genes from bacteria found in Panda feces and inserting them into yeast to increase biofuel efficiency.\u00a0<\/span>You will learn more about this technology in BIO 183 labs.<\/span><b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Parasitic Relationships<\/h3>\n<p>[callout heading=&#8221;Parasites Webquest Assignment&#8221; headingicon=&#8221;noicon&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/laboratory-7\/parasites-webquest-assignment\/&#8221; type=&#8221;basic&#8221; bgcolor=&#8221;huntyellow&#8221; \/]<\/p>\n<ul class=\"style3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/video.search.yahoo.com\/video\/play;_ylt=A0LEVj9BZvhUaw4AdiUnnIlQ;_ylu=X3oDMTB0N25ndmVnBHNlYwNzYwRjb2xvA2JmMQR2dGlkA1lIUzAwNF8x?p=Mike+Rowe+fish+parasites&amp;tnr=21&amp;vid=D1F1B0B62170F5654084D1F1B0B62170F5654084&amp;l=118&amp;turl=http%3A\/\/ts4.mm.bing.net\/th?id=UN.607990313870820019&amp;pid=15.1&amp;sigi=11rcplm4b&amp;rurl=https%3A\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nanVOld9Tto&amp;sigr=11bnd6e2e&amp;tt=b&amp;tit=Worms+Found+in+Seafood+|+Curiosity+-+World%27s+Dirtiest+Man&amp;sigt=11tb10k9g&amp;back=https%3A\/\/search.yahoo.com\/yhs\/search?p=Mike+Rowe+fish+parasites&amp;ei=UTF-8&amp;hsimp=yhs-001&amp;hspart=mozilla&amp;sigb=134ds7mb3&amp;hspart=mozilla&amp;hsimp=yhs-001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fish parasites with Mike Rowe (Dirty Jobs) and Dr. Rob Dunn (NCSU Applied Ecology Dept.)<\/a>\u00a0(1:57)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Extended episode &#8211; &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/x150m4i_world-s-dirtiest-man_shortfilms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World&#8217;s Dirtiest Man<\/a>&#8221; with Mike Rowe and Dr. Rob Dunn (41:30)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Fish Dissection:<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong>External Anatomy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-479\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/ext-anat.jpg\" alt=\"fish external anatomy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/ext-anat.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/ext-anat-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\">\u00a0<strong>Internal Anatomy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-480\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/int-Anatomy.jpg\" alt=\"fish internal anatomy\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/int-Anatomy.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/int-Anatomy-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\">\u00a0<strong>Common Fish Parasites\/Diseases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-481\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fish-disease-chart-tropical.png\" alt=\"common fish diseases\" width=\"601\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fish-disease-chart-tropical.png 601w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fish-disease-chart-tropical-300x212.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Fish Parasites Collected in Lab<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Fish Liver Flukes (metacercaria stage of life cycle&#8211;top four images):<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-483 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke.jpg\" alt=\"fluke\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-484 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/flukeyLiver2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"fluke in liver\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/flukeyLiver2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/flukeyLiver2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/flukeyLiver2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/flukeyLiver2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-485\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke2.jpg\" alt=\"fluke\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke2.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke2-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-486\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke3.jpg\" alt=\"fluke\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke3.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/fluke3-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span class=\"style5\">Flukes below were found growing on an infected fish heart<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"style5\">(metacercaria stage):<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-487\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/FlukeOct-1007x1024.jpg\" alt=\"fluke\" width=\"640\" height=\"651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/FlukeOct-1007x1024.jpg 1007w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/FlukeOct-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/FlukeOct-768x781.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/FlukeOct.jpg 1724w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Large cluster of Liver Flukes visible to the naked eye: (from section 001F Spring 2019)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2019\/02\/flukeliverclusterMZ.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1380\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2019\/02\/flukeliverclusterMZ-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"456\" height=\"811\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2019\/02\/flukeliverclusterMZ-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2019\/02\/flukeliverclusterMZ-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2019\/02\/flukeliverclusterMZ-768x1365.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Nematode worm from fish intestines:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-488\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/nematode.jpg\" alt=\"nematode\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/nematode.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/nematode-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>Acanthocephalus<\/em> worm from fish mouth scraping:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-489\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/acanthocephalus2.jpg\" alt=\"acanthocephalus\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/acanthocephalus2.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/acanthocephalus2-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Species Relationships: Symbiosis Classical Symbiotic Relationships &#8211; Mutualism, Commensalism and Parasitism \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 Common Terms Interspecific interactions: Interactions between organisms of different species (deer and cattle). Intraspecific interactions: Interactions between members of the same species (interactions within a deer population). Mutualism: a relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":80,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-71","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/71","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71"}],"version-history":[{"count":39,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/71\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2056,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/71\/revisions\/2056"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}