{"id":78,"date":"2018-02-14T03:09:01","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T03:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/?page_id=78"},"modified":"2020-06-15T23:54:38","modified_gmt":"2020-06-15T23:54:38","slug":"laboratory-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/laboratory-units\/laboratory-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab Unit 9 &#8211; Online"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #000000\">Nutritional Adaptations in Animals<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">-working copy<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-293\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/tiger_lat.jpg\" alt=\"tiger skull\" width=\"400\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/tiger_lat.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/03\/tiger_lat-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lab Information- Please read the entire Lab Unit 9 and work through all activities and answer questions in your lab manual using the lab text and website.\u00a0<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/NutritionalAdaptations_Unit-9_online_sp20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read and follow this outline modification for this lab.<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>BLENDED &#8211;FIND TERMS THAT WERE OMITTED?\u00a0 LOOK IN UNIT 9?\u00a0 CAN&#8217;T FIND IN WORDPRESS.<\/p>\n<p>What do termites and cows have in common? Remember looking at these during the Species Relationship lab?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-473\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/termites-in-soil-e1522868695394.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-474\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346.jpg 921w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/hi_4272-e1522868758346-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biointeractive.org\/classroom-resources\/termites-digest-wood-thanks-microbes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Termites Digest Wood Thanks to Microbes<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/Microbial-Symbiosis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Microbial Symbiosis in Cow Rumen<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; ppt<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">&#8211; proposed F2020<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">insert pre-lab assignment handout]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Activity #1: Paramecium Feeding (online videos) p. 153-155.\u00a0 Complete steps #5 &amp; 8 in your lab manual.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Activity #2: Hydra Feeding (online videos) p. 154-155 complete step #4 in your lab manual.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Activity #3: Bullfrog\u00a0 Dissection (online videos) p. 155-157. Use one or more of the online videos or animations to complete the information in the lab manual (steps #7-11).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Read the background information on Mammals&#8217; Teeth (p. 158-160) for use IN-LAB.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">Feeding Strategies<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>Understand the terminology associated with the manner of Food Acquisition and Digestion, and Absorption of Nutrient strategies (see bold terms in your l<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><em>ab manual)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Activity One: <em>Paramecium<\/em> Feeding (p. 153-154)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-495 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium2.jpg\" alt=\"paramecium 400x\" width=\"298\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium2.jpg 298w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-498 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium-300x265.jpg\" alt=\"paramecium diagram\" width=\"340\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium-300x265.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/paramecium.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\">compound light microscope (at 400X) and diagram (left and right image respectively)<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul class=\"style4\">\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Description<\/strong>: ciliate Protozoan<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Habitat<\/strong>: stagnant freshwater<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Movemen<\/strong>t: cilia<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Nutrition<\/strong>: An oral groove is used to ingest nutrients and food vacuoles are responsible for digestion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>Distinct Layers<\/strong>: The cytoplasm of protozoans can <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">be divided into 2 layers.\u00a0 The ectoplasm is the more clear outermost layer and the endoplasm is the central area surrounding all organelles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\">Videos of <em>Paramecium<\/em> feeding (#1 is what you would have seen in lab)<\/span><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Paramecium<\/em> eating Congo Red stained yeast cells.<\/a> \u00a0As the yeast cells enter the <em>Paramecium<\/em>, they are encapsulated into food vacuoles.\u00a0 When the yeast cells get digested by acidic enzymes, the red stain will change the yeast cells from red to blue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sn3MTYNe8mM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">At higher magnification<\/a> you can see the movement of the cilia around the perimeter of the cell used for movement, but also along the oral grove into the gullet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Closer still you can observe the cilia along the oral grove<\/a> and the movement of food particles flowing into the cell.\u00a0 A food vacuole forms as partic<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">les get encapsulated to form a vacuole, which are then is released into the cytoplasm of the cell.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">After observing this feeding behavior, what <strong>terms<\/strong> can you apply to this type of feeding (Food Acquisition) and Digestion and Absorption of nutrient<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">s?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity Two: <em>Hydra<\/em> Feeding (p. 154-155)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-501 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/Cnidaria_hydra-300x225.gif\" alt=\"hydra\" width=\"507\" height=\"380\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"style4\">\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">What key characteristics can you see above that helps you know that <em>Hydra<\/em>\u00a0are part of the phylum Cnidaria?<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">How do\u00a0<em>Hydra<\/em>\u00a0get food, ingest it, digest it, get the nutrients, and get rid of waste? -use the proper terms for these processes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"style4\">\n<li class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/video.nationalgeographic.com\/video\/news\/00000153-5707-d365-a5d3-5f4749990000?source=searchvideo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Watch as a tiny <em>Hydra<\/em><\/a> rips its mouth open to feed. <a href=\"http:\/\/video.nationalgeographic.com\/video\/news\/160308-hydra-mouth-vin\">(<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/how-hydra-rip-open-new-mouths-every-meal-180958372\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Here<\/a> is a short article that further explains how this works).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\">Videos of <em>Hydr<\/em>a feeding (#2 is similar to what you would have seen in lab feeding the <em>hydra Daphnia<\/em> or brine shrimp)<\/span><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SS_HYY97ehw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Video of <em>Hydra<\/em> eating a mosquito larva<\/a>.\u00a0 Note the overall structure of the <em>Hydra<\/em> and the smaller bulb-like stinging cells (nematocysts) along the tentacles.\u00a0 Though the mosquito larva is quite large, the lack of a skeleton and jelly like body allow<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">s the <em>Hydra<\/em> a lot of stretching to fit food items through the mouth and into the gastrovascular cavity for digestion.\u00a0 How does the waste then get out?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MpSPdeTN74I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Green <em>Hydra<\/em> eating 3 water fleas (<em>Cyclops<\/em>)<\/a>.\u00a0 The G<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">reen <em>Hydra<\/em> have green algal endosymbionts that provide some carbohydrates to the <em>Hydra<\/em>, but not so much that they still need to eat small zooplankton.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Describe how <em>Hydra<\/em> get food, ingest it, digest it, get the nutrients, and get rid of waste?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">After observing this feeding behavior, what <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><strong>terms<\/strong> can you apply to to the Hydra in for feeding (Food Acquisition) and Digestion and Absorption of nutrients?<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity Three: Bullfrog Dissection (p. 155-157)<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">Images of Frog Dissections<\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 77.5344%;height: 1322px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 431px\">\n<td style=\"width: 55.0819%;height: 431px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-502\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/frog-oral-cavity.jpg\" alt=\"frog oral cavity\" width=\"280\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/frog-oral-cavity.jpg 280w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/frog-oral-cavity-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.2147%;height: 431px\"><strong>Frog Oral Cavity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a. Esophagus opening<\/p>\n<p>b. Vomerine teeth<\/p>\n<p>1. Groove of the maxilla<\/p>\n<p>2. Maxillary teeth<\/p>\n<p>3. Internal nare<\/p>\n<p>4. Eye ball<\/p>\n<p>5. Eustachian tube opening<\/p>\n<p>6. Jaw ridge<\/p>\n<p>7. Underside of the tongue<\/p>\n<p>8. Glottis<\/p>\n<p>9. Cut muscle and bone<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 370px\">\n<td style=\"width: 55.0819%;height: 428px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-503\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/female-frog-279x300.jpg\" alt=\"femal frog\" width=\"279\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/female-frog-279x300.jpg 279w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/female-frog.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.2147%;height: 428px\">I<strong>nternal &#8211; Female Frog<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Liver lobes<\/p>\n<p>2. Heart<\/p>\n<p>3. Ovary with eggs<\/p>\n<p>4. Gall bladder<\/p>\n<p>5. Small intestine<\/p>\n<p>6. Stomach<\/p>\n<p>7. Oviduct<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 463px\">\n<td style=\"width: 55.0819%;height: 463px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-504\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/malefrog-246x300.jpg\" alt=\"male frog\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/malefrog-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/malefrog.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.2147%;height: 463px\">Internal &#8211; Male Frog<\/p>\n<p>a. Large intestine<\/p>\n<p>b. Small intestine<\/p>\n<p>1. Lung lobes<\/p>\n<p>2. Heart<\/p>\n<p>3. Liver lobes<\/p>\n<p>4. Gall bladder<\/p>\n<p>5. Stomach<\/p>\n<p>6. Small intestine<\/p>\n<p>7. Testis<\/p>\n<p>8.Fat Body<\/p>\n<p>9. Urinary bladder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\"><br \/>\nVideos of A Preserved Bullfrog dissection<\/span><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9N27Tj3B4k8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Review of external anatomy and internal mouth structures.<\/a>\u00a0 This video nicely shows the interesting attachment of the tongue and its function in capturing prey.\u00a0 You will also see the 2 types of teeth used to help hold prey: the maxillary and vomerine teeth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8HBgMlpIzEk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Review of Internal anatomy of the digestive<\/a>, and the <a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NJFKeNKKhP4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">circulatory, respiratory and excretory systems<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">These dissections do not show the reproductive structures in the male and female bullfrogs.\u00a0 For those refer to the images above or look at the an<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">imation below for the reproductive system.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #000000\">Non-Dissection Alternatives:<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/glencoe.mheducation.com\/sites\/dl\/free\/0078802849\/383954\/BL_16.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Good Internal and External Anatomy with narration<\/a> &#8211; (requires Flash Player, click to enable) &#8211; the initial cut and Digestive system show images of an actual preserved frog dissection (not animation)\u00a0 Other Internal Anatomy images are animated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biologyjunction.com\/frog_dissection.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Good written summaries and pictures of important structures and dissection.<\/a>\u00a0 The discussion of the mouth structures explain how the tongue is used<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">to capture prey and points out the 2 types of teeth (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">maxillary and vomerine teeth).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[enhanced-heading heading=&#8221;IN-LAB&#8221; headingtype=&#8221;h5&#8243; headingstyle=&#8221;h2&#8243; target=&#8221;_top&#8221; icon=&#8221;ucomm-microscope&#8221; iconstyle=&#8221;circle-filled&#8221; iconposition=&#8221;stacked&#8221; coloroptions=&#8221;text&#8221; textcolor=&#8221;wolfpackred&#8221; fontface=&#8221;universlight&#8221; \/]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;font-size: 12pt\">?Working in breakout rooms?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #ff00ff\">TA leads discussion on Dental formulas, as a group, complete Table 9-1 Human Dentition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Review the provided information on Skull Structure and Muscles of Mastication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Complete pages 161-164 using the provided Mammal Skulls &amp; Bird Beaks and Skulls.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #ff00ff\">??Could do 1 or 2 of the skulls together and the rest as POST-LAB assignment individual\u00a0 ???<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;color: #ff00ff\">OR do as a group if also working on turning in final group projects???<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"style5\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Mammal Skulls and Dentition:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.calacademy.org\/exhibits\/skulls\/structure_and_function.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cool skull website<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; California Academy of Sciences &#8211; click on &#8220;Enter the 3D gallery&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"style5\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><a class=\"style6\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vivo.colostate.edu\/hbooks\/pathphys\/digestion\/pregastric\/dentalanat.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dental Formulas<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-505 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/DentalForm.jpg\" alt=\"sheep\/dog skulls\" width=\"517\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/DentalForm.jpg 517w, https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2018\/04\/DentalForm-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity Four:\u00a0 Mammals&#8217; Teeth and Bird Bills (p. 158-166)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">-from Sp2020<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">This activity will allow you to examine mammal and bird skulls to gain knowledge about feeding and life style behaviors in a variety of animals.\u00a0 We will pay particular attention to examining the dentition, determining dental formulae, and looking for clues in Overall Skull Structures (see link below).\u00a0 Read the background information in the lab manual and use the image sets below to fill in Tables <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 9-4 for 6 different mammals and Table 9-5 for the four birds.\u00a0 You will need to fill in all these charts and then<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff00ff\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">send images of your completed charts to your TA as part of the <span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">10 pt lab assignment for this week.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/Muscles-of-mastication.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Skull Structures and Muscles of Mastication<\/a> &#8211; Additional Information to help interpret feeding habit clues seen in skulls beyond looking at teeth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">View<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/MammalianSkulls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong>Mammals Skulls<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"style6\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong>View <\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/Bird-Skulls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong>Bird Beaks and Bills<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Birds have various beak sizes and shapes for a variety of reasons. However, the most important factor in determining beak shape and size is feeding habits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"style4\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">Explore the various types of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fsc.fernbank.edu\/birding\/bird_beaks.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bird Beaks and Bills!<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[enhanced-heading heading=&#8221;POST-LAB&#8221; headingtype=&#8221;h5&#8243; headingstyle=&#8221;h2&#8243; target=&#8221;_top&#8221; icon=&#8221;ucomm-microscope&#8221; iconstyle=&#8221;circle-filled&#8221; iconposition=&#8221;stacked&#8221; coloroptions=&#8221;text&#8221; textcolor=&#8221;wolfpackred&#8221; fontface=&#8221;universlight&#8221; \/]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff\">???????????<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[callout bodyfontface=&#8221;universroman&#8221; heading=&#8221;Nutritional Adaptation Assignment&#8221; headingicon=&#8221;noicon&#8221; textalign=&#8221;textcenter&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/75\/2020\/03\/Nutrition-Assignment-Sp2020.docx&#8221; type=&#8221;basic&#8221; bgcolor=&#8221;huntyellow&#8221; margin=&#8221;normal&#8221;]Use the attached Word guidelines\/template to create ONE document to turn into your TA via Moodle as a PDF.  This is due April 6-10 by midnight\/11:59PM on the day of your regular lab section.  You will work your way through all the activities and questions in the Nutrition lab using the lab manual and the lab website.  This assignment is worth 10 points.[\/callout]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nutritional Adaptations in Animals -working copy Lab Information- Please read the entire Lab Unit 9 and work through all activities and answer questions in your lab manual using the lab text and website.\u00a0 Read and follow this outline modification for this lab. BLENDED &#8211;FIND TERMS THAT WERE OMITTED?\u00a0 LOOK IN UNIT 9?\u00a0 CAN&#8217;T FIND IN [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":93,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-78","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/78","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78"}],"version-history":[{"count":76,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/78\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2725,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/78\/revisions\/2725"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress-projects.wolfware.ncsu.edu\/bio-181l-zchxzbn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}